Expressionist, one artist at a time
Wassily Kandinsky (1866–1944) is the most famous Expressionist painter, whose singular vision gave us Composition VIII and An Intimate Party. Next stand Edvard Munch, Jean Michel Basquiat, Paul Klee and Jackson Pollock. These 100 painters, from Christian Rohlfs (born 1849) to Jean Michel Basquiat (born 1960), came from 31 countries.
Our selection. Artists whose works our catalogue attaches to Expressionist, in the order of our fame ranking. Artists born after 1955 with no Wikidata identifier stay out until verified. The Wikipedia figure counts our 32 languages with an article on the artist.
In brief
One artist at a time
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Russian Born in Moscow ['Expressionism', 'Abstract painting', 'Der Blaue Reiter'] Wikipedia in 32/32 languages
By about 1896, he had moved to Munich to begin formal studies in art. He sought out the Anton Ažbe School and the Academy of Fine Arts to learn the mechanics of his chosen craft.
Where to see His canvases are scattered across several major institutions, inviting a close look at how his use of color and form evolved.
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Norwegian Born in Ådalsbruk ['Expressionism', 'Symbolism']
Munch did not aim to replicate the physical world as it appeared to the eye. Instead, he sought to externalize his internal state, a method he called soul painting. In Paris, he encountered the techniques of artists like Paul Gauguin and Vincent van Gogh.
Where to see The Munch Museum is the primary guardian of his legacy, housing a vast collection that spans the full range of his artistic output.
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American Born in Park Slope Neo-Expressionism Wikipedia in 29/32 languages
By the early 1980s, Basquiat transitioned from graffiti to canvas, rapidly gaining recognition within the New York art world. He became a central figure in the Neo- Expressionist movement, though he resisted easy labeling. In the years since his death, Basquiat’s reputation has only grown.
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German and Swiss Born in Münchenbuchsee Expressionism, Cubism, Surrealism Wikipedia in 31/32 languages
Klee was a natural draftsman who possessed a deep, almost scientific understanding of color theory. He was also a prolific printmaker, utilizing zinc-plate etchings and lithographs to expand his visual language.
Where to see To find the traces of his prolific output, one might travel to Bern, Switzerland.
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American Born in Cody Abstract Expressionism Wikipedia in 31/32 languages
He moved away from the traditional easel, choosing instead to lay his canvases directly upon the floor. He did not merely apply paint; he dripped, splashed, and flung it from above, letting the liquid fall in unpredictable patterns. He was among the first American painters to be recognized as a peer of the great 20th-century European masters, proving that a new, visceral language could emerge from the soil of the United States.
Where to see In New York City, the Museum of Modern Art holds several of his canvases, allowing viewers to stand before the sprawling, uncentered compositions that defined his era.
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Italian Born in Livorno Expressionism Wikipedia in 32/32 languages
In 1906, the pull of Paris became too strong to resist. In 1907, he also attended the Paul Gauguin retrospective at the Salon d'Automne, an event that left a mark on his developing vision.
Where to see In the United States, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York holds significant pieces, including a portrait of Jeanne Hebuterne from 1918.
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Austrian Born in Tulln an der Donau Austrian Expressionism Wikipedia in 32/32 languages
He moves through the city's artistic circles, eventually meeting Gustav Klimt. He works across Vienna, Krems, Klosterneuburg, Neulengbach, and Prague. Schiele emerges from the early 20th century as a leading figure in Austrian Expressionism.
Where to see The weight of Schiele’s output is felt most heavily in Vienna.
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Irish Born in Dublin Expressionism, Cubism, Surrealism Wikipedia in 30/32 languages
His colors were often smeared and violent, used to strip away any sense of decorative comfort. Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion (1944).
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German Born in Dresden Wikipedia in 28/32 languages
After dropping out of school at age fifteen, Richter enters the industrial landscape of post-war Germany. From 1957 to 1961, he remains within the academy's structure, working as a master trainee. In 1972, he represented West Germany at the Venice Biennale, a moment that solidified his standing on the international stage.
Where to see The physical presence of Richter’s practice spans major institutional collections across Europe.
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Dutch-American Born in Rotterdam Abstract Expressionism Wikipedia in 30/32 languages
The evenings belong to the Academie van Beeldende Kunsten en Technische Wetenschappen. From his teenage years until 1924, he attends these classes in Rotterdam, balancing the demands of work with the study of formal art. He moves through a landscape of ideas, absorbing the influence of Stuart Davis and John Graham, whose presence helps steer his vocabulary away from literal depiction.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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American Born in Augusta Wikipedia in 24/32 languages
This method allows for a physical depth that sits on the canvas, sometimes incorporating collage and newsprint directly into the wax. These layers do not suggest a quick, spontaneous gesture. Later, in 2011, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Where to see To see his paintings and sculptures in person, one might travel to New York City.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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American Born in Daugavpils ['Color Field painting', 'Abstract Expressionism']
The move to New York City in 1923 brought a shift in focus. By 1940, he made the decision to change his name to Mark Rothko. His paintings are recognized as some of the most significant works of 20th-century art, often found in the permanent collections of major institutions like the Museum of Modern Art in New York and the Tate Modern in London.
Where to see To stand before his canvases is to experience the weight of color in a quiet room.
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German Born in Kreuzstraße German Expressionism Wikipedia in 31/32 languages
Marc’s early output reflects the heavy weight of academic painting and Impressionism. His time in France, specifically during visits to Paris in 1903 and 1907, acted as a catalyst for this departure. It was in Paris that he encountered the work of Vincent van Gogh.
Where to see The Franz Marc Museum in Kochel am See, Germany, functions as a primary site for his legacy, housing over 150 of his works.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Austrian, Czech, British Born in Pöchlarn Expressionism, Viennese Avant-Garde Wikipedia in 29/32 languages
He developed a nervously animated style, using bold lines and imagery that drew inspiration from Medieval compositions. He was a leading figure of the Expressionist movement, moving away from simple visual accuracy to capture something much deeper. He believed that art should maintain a connection to the concrete world, a philosophy that helped shape the development of Expressionism in Vienna and across Europe.
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German Born in Aschaffenburg German Expressionism Wikipedia in 32/32 languages
His early years were marked by the frequent movements of his family, dictated by the career of his father, Ernst Kirchner, a chemical technician in the paper industry. After obtaining his school-leaving certificate in 1901, he enrolled at the university in Dresden to study architecture. Kirchner remains a central figure of the German Expressionist movement, a presence that helped define the visual language of a transformative era.
Where to see The physical presence of Kirchner’s vision is scattered across several major institutions, reflecting the international reach of his influence.
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Armenian-American Born in Dilkaya Abstract Expressionism, Surrealism Wikipedia in 24/32 languages
His practice was not confined to the classroom; he spent much of his time at the Museums of Fine Arts, Boston, studying the old masters. His early paintings show the influence of Impressionism and Post-Impressionism. He acted as a bridge, connecting the Surrealist painters of Europe to the emerging American movement.
Where to see To see the physical traces of his hand, one might travel to Washington, D.C.
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German-Danish Born in Nolde German Expressionism Wikipedia in 28/32 languages
Born Hans Emil Hansen, he grew up on a farm in the Duchy of Schleswig. His parents were Danish and Frisian peasants, and the rhythms of rural life shaped his early years. He looked toward the work of Paul Gauguin and found a way to move beyond simple representation.
Where to see Tracing his presence in public collections reveals a scattered but significant trail.
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German Born in Untermhaus ['Neue Sachlichkeit', 'Dadaism', 'Expressionism'] Wikipedia in 28/32 languages
The environment shaping Otto Dix is one of stark industrial labor and quiet, poetic undertones. His father, Franz Dix, works in an iron foundry, a setting defined by heavy toil. His presence in the permanent collections of major institutions, such as the Museum of Modern Art in New York, confirms his lasting importance.
Where to see The physical presence of Dix’s vision remains scattered across major international institutions.
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Belgian Born in Ostend ['Symbolism', 'Expressionism'] Wikipedia in 25/32 languages
James Ensor was born on April 13, 1860, in Ostend, Belgium. His identity was shaped by a specific cultural intersection: his father, James Frederic Ensor, was born in Brussels to English parents, while his mother, Maria Catherina Haegheman, was Belgian.
Where to see Ensor’s presence in major international collections confirms his lasting impact on the development of modernism.
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French Born in Smilavičy Expressionism Wikipedia in 26/32 languages
While often categorized as an Expressionist, to label Soutine solely within this framework feels limiting. His style was profoundly individual, a compelling synthesis of traditional European painting —particularly the Dutch Masters like Rembrandt and Chardin, and the Realism of Courbet—filtered through a lens of raw emotional intensity.
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German Born in Leipzig Expressionism, New Objectivity Wikipedia in 27/32 languages
Born into a middle-class family in Leipzig, Germany, Max Beckmann showed an early inclination toward drawing. By 1912, he was already tackling ambitious subjects that required a command of large-scale composition. While he often resisted the labels placed upon him, his work is widely considered a cornerstone of the German Expressionism movement.
Where to see Finding the physical traces of Beckmann's life requires traveling through the cities that shaped his exile and his later years.
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Austrian Born in Vienna Organic architecture, Spiral art Wikipedia in 29/32 languages
Difficult Beginnings: Hundertwasser’s early life was marked by hardship, particularly during the Nazi era. The Spiral Motif: The spiral became a central motif in Hundertwasser’s work, symbolizing growth, harmony, and the cyclical nature of life – a direct contrast to the rigid geometry he despised. Champion of Ecological Causes: Hundertwasser was a passionate environmental activist who campaigned tirelessly for ecological awareness and sustainable practices.
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German Born in Donaueschingen Neo-Expressionism Wikipedia in 23/32 languages
As his career progressed, Kiefer’s international recognition grew through works that challenged the boundaries between painting, sculpture, and installation.
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British Born in Berlin Realism, Figurative art Wikipedia in 23/32 languages
He favored large hogs-hair brushes, applying paint with a physicality mirroring the subject matter itself. This created a textured surface, almost sculptural in quality, where every brushstroke revealed the weight and substance of flesh. Lucian Freud’s 60-year career left an indelible mark on British portraiture, challenging conventional notions of beauty and representation.
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German Born in Königsberg Expressionism Wikipedia in 28/32 languages
Käthe Kollwitz, born Käthe Schmidt on July 8, 1867, in Königsberg (now Kaliningrad, Russia), emerged from a family deeply rooted in both intellectual ferment and social conscience. She continued her studies in Berlin and Munich, immersing herself in the artistic currents of the late 19th century, but always returning to the human condition as her central subject. In 1919, she achieved a historic milestone by becoming the first woman elected to the Prussian Academy of Arts—a testament to her artistic achievements and growing influence.
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French Born in 19th arrondissement of Paris Expressionism, Fauvism Wikipedia in 23/32 languages
In later life, he received commissions for religious works, including designs for Sergei Diaghilev’s ballet The Prodigal Son, further cementing his reputation as a uniquely devout artist.
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Scottish-American Born in Lawnton Architectural sculpture Wikipedia in 28/32 languages
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Mexican Born in Chihuahua City Social Realism, Muralism Wikipedia in 24/32 languages
As one of the “big three” Mexican muralists – alongside Diego Rivera and José Clemente Orozco – he played an instrumental role in establishing Mexican muralism as a significant artistic movement, transforming public spaces into canvases for social commentary.
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American Born in Manhattan Abstract Expressionism, Color Field Wikipedia in 19/32 languages
While celebrated for her pioneering work with stain painting, Helen Frankenthaler was an artist of relentless experimentation. Throughout her career, Frankenthaler fearlessly explored diverse media, including ceramics, sculpture, tapestry, and printmaking – particularly woodcuts. Frankenthaler’s impact on the art world was recognized early in her career with inclusion in the influential “Fifteen Unknowns” exhibition in 1950 and her first solo show at Tibor de Nagy Gallery in 1951.
Pupil of Hans Hofmann #72
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American Born in Lexington Abstract Expressionism, Postmodern Wikipedia in 21/32 languages
Throughout the 1960s, Twombly’s style began to coalesce around a distinctive vocabulary of scribbled lines, gestural marks, and fragmented words on expansive canvases. Cold Stream (1966), with its swirling loops and bold text, is a powerful example of this evocative style. He paved the way for painters like Jean-Michel Basquiat, Anselm Kiefer, Francesco Clemente, and Julian Schnabel, who embraced a similar spirit of experimentation and emotional intensity.
Pupil of Franz Kline #42, Robert Motherwell #41
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German-American Born in New York City Expressionism, Cubism Wikipedia in 23/32 languages
Early Marine Paintings: During summer vacations on the island of Usedom (1909-1918), Feininger created numerous marine paintings depicting the Baltic Sea, showcasing his evolving style. Photographic Works: Between 1928 and the mid-1950s, Feininger produced a substantial body of photographic works, demonstrating his versatility as an artist. First Solo Exhibition: His first solo exhibition at the Sturm Gallery in Berlin (1917) was a pivotal moment, establishing him as a prominent figure in the art world.
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American Born in New York City Abstract Expressionism Wikipedia in 23/32 languages
His innovative use of color and form profoundly influenced subsequent generations of artists, particularly those working in Color Field painting and Minimalism.
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Czech Born in Opočno ['Realism', 'Symbolism', 'Orphism', 'Cubism', 'Abstraction'] Wikipedia in 24/32 languages
The move to Paris in 1894 changed the direction of his work. The paintings from this era show a departure from the representational style he had practiced in Prague and Vienna. His creative output is often viewed alongside the works of Piet Mondrian and Wassily Kandinsky, marking a shift toward a visual language that prioritized the interaction of color and shape over the depiction of the physical world.
Where to see To see his canvases in person, one might travel to New York City.
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German Born in Dresden Expressionism Wikipedia in 24/32 languages
Paula Modersohn-Becker, a name that resonates with quiet power in the annals of early modern art, was an artist who dared to look inward. Immersing herself in the vibrant art scene of the French capital, she encountered the works of Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, and other Post-Impressionist masters.
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American Born in Brooklyn Neo-Expressionism
Ornamental Despair, The Student of Prague, and Fakires exemplify this early period, showcasing a bold rejection of minimalist austerity in favor of maximalist expression. This approach aligned him with the burgeoning Neo- Expressionist movement, a reaction against the conceptual rigor of the preceding decades, which prioritized subjective experience and emotional resonance. Notable Works: Plate Paintings, Basquiat (film), The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (film).
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German Born in Deutschbaselitz Neo-Expressionism Wikipedia in 26/32 languages
Throughout his prolific career, Baselitz’s artistic language has been a complex tapestry woven from myriad influences, ranging from the starkness of Socialist Realism and the dramatic tension of Mannerism to the primal rhythms of African sculpture.
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American Born in Brooklyn Abstract Expressionism Wikipedia in 17/32 languages
From her early days at Washington Irving High School for Girls, where a focused course in visual arts first ignited her creative spirit, to her rigorous training at Cooper Union’s Women's Art School, Krasner possessed a foundational discipline that would later serve as the bedrock for her most radical experiments.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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German Born in Rottluff Expressionism Wikipedia in 25/32 languages
Bold Lines & Stark Contrasts: Particularly evident in his woodcuts, these elements create a sense of immediacy and emotional intensity. Landscape Focus: Throughout his career, he remained committed to depicting landscapes, often imbued with a sense of melancholy and isolation. His commitment to artistic innovation extended beyond his own practice; through an endowment established in 1964, he laid the foundation for the Brücke Museum in West Berlin, ensuring that the legacy of Die Brücke would endure for generations to come.
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German-French Born in Leipzig Gestural Abstract Expressionism Wikipedia in 15/32 languages
His formative years were steeped in the emotive power of European Expressionism, drawing strength from the works of Rembrandt and the raw, visceral energy of German painters such as Lovis Corinth and Emil Nolde. Despite the profound disruptions caused by his experiences as a World War II veteran, he emerged with a renewed vigor, continuing to push the boundaries of abstract expression.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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British Born in Berlin School of London Wikipedia in 17/32 languages
Auerbach quickly emerged as a leading figure within the loosely defined “School of London,” a group of artists—including Francis Bacon and Lucian Freud —who shared a commitment to figurative painting, psychological depth, and a gritty realism. The 1950s saw Auerbach establishing his presence through exhibitions at the Beaux Arts Gallery in London. He represented Britain at the Venice Biennale in 1986, sharing the Golden Lion with Sigmar Polke —a testament to his international standing.
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American Born in Aberdeen Abstract Expressionism Wikipedia in 16/32 languages
Robert Motherwell (January 24, 1915 – July 16, 1991) stands as one of the most influential figures in American Abstract Expressionism, a movement that irrevocably altered the course of twentieth-century art. The Surrealist Encounter: A pivotal moment arrived in 1940 when Motherwell relocated to New York City and enrolled at Columbia University under Meyer Shapiro’s guidance.
Teacher of Cy Twombly #30
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American Born in Wilkes-Barre Abstract Expressionism Wikipedia in 17/32 languages
His “Hot Jazz” mural series from 1940, commissioned for a Greenwich Village tavern, signaled a shift towards simplification, hinting at the bold forms to come. However, it was a pivotal encounter with Willem de Kooning in 1948 that truly unlocked his abstract potential. He exhibited at prestigious galleries like Egan Gallery and Sidney Janis Gallery, participated in the Venice Biennale in 1960 (receiving the Italian Ministry of Public Instruction Prize), and taught at Black Mountain College and Pratt Institute.
Teacher of Cy Twombly #30
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Scottish Born in Edinburgh Figurative painting
Doig’s artistic journey wasn't one of immediate stylistic declaration but rather a gradual unfolding, an exploration of figurative painting that evolved into the distinctive, dreamlike quality for which he is now celebrated. He doesn’t adhere to any single school or movement; instead, his work feels like a synthesis of diverse influences, absorbed and transformed through the lens of personal experience. Westermann, the romantic sublimity of Caspar David Friedrich, the shimmering light of Claude Monet, and the decorative richness of Gustav Klimt all find resonance in his canvases.
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Indian Born in Pandharpur Cubist narrative paintings Wikipedia in 14/32 languages
His ability to synthesize the structural rigor of Western abstraction with the emotive richness of Eastern storytelling created a unique visual dialect that resonated across continents. To encounter a Husain masterpiece is to witness the heartbeat of a nation—a rhythmic, fragmented, and brilliantly colored celebration of life, struggle, and the eternal dance of the human soul. Born in 1915 in the small town of Pandharpur, Maharashtra, his early years were steeped in the vibrant cultural textures of rural India.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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German Born in Meschede Expressionism, Fauvism, Orphism, Cubism Wikipedia in 28/32 languages
Macke sought to capture the inner spirit of a scene rather than the mere surface of things. He found a way to weave the dynamism of Italian Futurism into his compositions, imbuing his scenes with a sense of movement and modern energy. A transformative moment arrived in 1912 when he encountered Robert Delaunay.
Where to see To walk through the rooms where his spirit remains, one might travel to Bonn, Germany.
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Russian Born in Torzhok Expressionism Wikipedia in 23/32 languages
He was a key member of the Neue Künstlervereinigung München, a group that pushed the boundaries of what art could be. He began to strip away the unnecessary, focusing on the essential shapes and colors that define his unique visual language. 1908: View of Murnau Village. 1909: The Yellow House. Alexej von Jawlensky left behind a body of work that helped define the direction of Expressionism.
Where to see Finding the traces of Jawlensky's life requires traveling through several European cities where his presence remains felt.
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Canadian-American Born in Montreal ['Abstract Expressionism', 'Neo-Expressionism'] Wikipedia in 15/32 languages
He later embraced abstraction, becoming a prominent figure in the New York School alongside artists like Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning. Abstract Expressionism: By the 1950s, Guston achieved recognition for his abstract expressionist paintings, characterized by dynamic compositions and gestural brushwork. His father, a Ukrainian Jewish immigrant, took his own life in 1923.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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German Born in Gvardeysk Impressionism & Expressionism Wikipedia in 24/32 languages
Paintings like “In the Slaughterhouse” (1878), with its unflinching depiction of animal carcasses, demonstrate this commitment to realistic representation, yet even here, a nascent emotional intensity begins to surface. This synthesis would eventually position him as a bridge between Impressionism and Expressionism, two movements that defined the artistic landscape of the early 20th century. A pivotal moment in Corinth’s life – and arguably in his artistic development – was a stroke he suffered in December 1911.
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American Born in Gladwyne Expressionism, Realism Wikipedia in 16/32 languages
Style: Expressionistic use of line and color; psychological acuity; emotional intensity. Notable works include "Well Baby Clinic," a bleak portrayal of mothers and babies in a maternity clinic. Received a National Women’s Caucus for Art award from President Jimmy Carter in 1979.
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Born in Beijing ['1920s Art Deco', 'Expressionism', 'Abstract art'] Wikipedia in 12/32 languages
While precise details regarding this artist's early life are limited, it’s reasonable to assume that the tumultuous years following World War I profoundly shaped their artistic trajectory. The influence of earlier movements such as Impressionism and Post-Impressionism is also likely present, providing a foundation upon which to build more radical departures. Furthermore, the burgeoning interest in psychology, spearheaded by figures like Sigmund Freud, fueled explorations into the hidden depths of the human psyche—a theme that would become increasingly prominent in their work.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Swiss Born in Wachseldorn Expressionism, Bauhaus Wikipedia in 21/32 languages
This divergence of philosophies ultimately led to his resignation in 1923. Undeterred, Itten established the “ontos weaving workshops” near Zurich in 1924, collaborating with Bauhaus weaver Gunta Stölzl. Johannes Itten, born in 1888 in the tranquil Swiss village of Südern-Linden, was more than just a painter; he was a visionary educator who fundamentally reshaped the landscape of modern art instruction.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Polish Born in Warsaw Symbolism, Surrealism Wikipedia in 27/32 languages
Born in Warsaw in 1885 into an artistic family—his father, Stanisław Witkiewicz, was a noted painter, architect, and theorist—the younger Witkiewicz inherited not only a creative lineage but also a fertile intellectual environment that would profoundly shape his multifaceted career. Returning to Poland after the war, he settled in Zakopane, a mountain resort town already steeped in artistic innovation thanks to his father’s pioneering “Zakopane Style” architecture which blended local traditions with Art Nouveau influences.
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German Born in Döbeln German Expressionism Wikipedia in 22/32 languages
Influences: Heckel and the other members of Die Brücke were heavily influenced by Edvard Munch's expressive style and African sculpture, which they saw as embodying a raw, primitive power. Printmaking Focus: The group made extensive use of printmaking (woodcuts, etchings, lithographs) to create affordable art and disseminate their ideas widely. Rediscovery and Recognition: After World War II, Heckel's work was rediscovered and gained widespread recognition for its artistic merit and historical importance.
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Austrian-American Born in Vienna Twelve-tone technique; Expressionism Wikipedia in 31/32 languages
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Russian-German-Swiss Born in Tula Expressionism, Symbolism Wikipedia in 21/32 languages
The influence of artists like Paul Gauguin and Louis Anquetin, with their emphasis on flattened forms and bold color, became increasingly apparent in her work. In 1909, she co-founded the Neue Künstlervereinigung München (NKVM), a group that served as a crucial precursor to the more famous Blue Rider collective. She was not merely an associate of Kandinsky and Jawlensky; she was a driving force behind the movement’s intellectual and aesthetic innovations, a pioneering theorist who fostered artistic exchange through her influential salon in Munich.
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Spanish Born in Zwickau Cubism, Surrealism Wikipedia in 21/32 languages
In works such as Girl at a Table, one can witness his mastery of expressive lines and a sophisticated use of color that breathes life into the subject, often utilizing models like Lotte Kaprolat to ground his visionary abstractions in human warmth.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Hungarian Born in Budapest Modern Hungarian art Wikipedia in 18/32 languages
Born in Budapest on March 15th, 1894, Vilmos Aba-Novák’s early life was marked by an exposure to the visual arts. He initially studied at the Budapest Art School until 1912, laying the groundwork for his future career. His legacy extends beyond individual artworks; he helped to establish a distinctly Hungarian modern style that blended influences from Expressionism, the Italian Novecento, and his own unique artistic vision.
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Serbian Born in Čačak Expressionism & Fauvism Wikipedia in 27/32 languages
Born in Čačak, Serbia, Petrović moved to Belgrade in her youth and attended the women's school of higher education there. Between 1901 and 1912, she exhibited her work in many cities throughout Europe. Petrović’s relocation to Munich in 1901 proved transformative, exposing her to the burgeoning avant-garde movements of Expressionism and Fauvism.
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German Born in Lubawka Expressionism Wikipedia in 19/32 languages
Mueller’s artistic process was as distinctive as his vision. His subject matter consistently revolved around several key themes: serene landscapes often reminiscent of starry nights, expressive nudes embodying both sensuality and melancholy, and, most notably, depictions of Romani people. Tragically, his work fell victim to the ideological purges of the Nazi regime in 1937, with over three hundred pieces confiscated from German museums and labeled as “degenerate art.” Despite this suppression, Mueller’s artistic legacy endured.
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Belgian Born in Antwerp Flemish Expressionism Wikipedia in 16/32 languages
Key Characteristics: Heavy impasto, muted tonality in early works evolving to vibrant color, distorted forms, focus on working-class life.
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Born in Vidin Wikipedia in 18/32 languages
Arrival in Paris: In 1905, Pascin moved to Paris, becoming part of the vibrant artistic community. He quickly integrated into circles like “Les Dômiers” at Café le Dome. Influence on Later Artists: His work influenced subsequent generations of artists with its expressive style and focus on human emotion.
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German Born in Groß Niendorf Expressionism Wikipedia in 15/32 languages
Patroclus in Soest ” (1912) reveal his fascination with architectural forms and their symbolic weight, while " The Temptation of Christ " (1914) showcases his exploration of religious narratives through an Expressionist lens. His prints, particularly those created after 1908, are especially compelling—stark lines and contrasting tones conveying a powerful sense of emotion and psychological tension. Christian Rohlfs occupies a significant position in the history of German Expressionism, though his journey to its core principles was gradual and deeply personal.
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German Born in Duisburg Expressionism
Emotional Depth: A unique ability to capture the essence of human vulnerability and existential solitude.
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Russian-French Born in Vitebsk Cubism, Modernism Wikipedia in 23/32 languages
Early Influences: Russian folk art, European modernism, African sculpture, Greek antiquity. French Citizenship: Obtained in 1921, solidifying his commitment to France. His friendship with Henry Miller, who immortalized him as "Borowski" in Tropic of Cancer, further cemented his place within the cultural landscape of the era.
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American Born in Grandin Abstract Expressionism Wikipedia in 12/32 languages
The transformation from representational work to the radical abstraction for which Still is celebrated occurred between 1938 and 1942, a period of intense experimentation and self-discovery. He sought to strip away all recognizable imagery, believing that true artistic expression lay in confronting the fundamental elements of painting itself – color, form, and surface. In 1959, a comprehensive retrospective of his work at the Albright-Knox Art Gallery in Buffalo, New York, solidified his reputation as a major force in American art.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Austrian Born in Vienna Expressionism Wikipedia in 15/32 languages
After struggling in the traditional Viennese Piaristengymnasium and being expelled for disciplinary issues, Gerstl received private tutoring while pursuing his artistic ambitions. In 1898, at fifteen, he entered the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna under the demanding Christian Griepenkerl. Summers spent under Simon Hollósy in Nagybánya exposed him to more liberal artistic approaches.
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American Born in Portland ['Abstract Expressionism', 'Bay Area Figurative', 'Lyrical Abstraction'] Wikipedia in 9/32 languages
His family’s relocation to San Francisco when he was just two years old proved formative, imbuing his artistic sensibility with the light and atmosphere of California—a landscape that would become inextricably linked to his work. Hopper’s influence is readily apparent in Diebenkorn's early paintings, characterized by a quiet introspection and a masterful handling of light and shadow. Richard Diebenkorn’s influence on postwar American art is undeniable.
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American Born in Rutherford Modernism, Watercolor Wikipedia in 16/32 languages
John Marin, born in Rutherford, New Jersey, on December 23, 1870, experienced a childhood marked by early loss. His mother’s passing just nine days after his birth led to his upbringing by maternal aunts in Weehawken, overlooking the bustling cityscape of New York City across the Hudson River. His travels extended beyond France, encompassing the Netherlands, Belgium, England, and Italy, each locale contributing to a distinctive watercolor technique characterized by an interplay of abstract ambience, transparency, opacity, and dynamic linear elements.
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British Born in Islington Outsider art, Impressionism
Sims’ early work reflects the prevailing aesthetic tastes of the Edwardian era —refined portraits and idyllic landscapes characterized by delicate brushwork and a harmonious palette. He quickly gained recognition, exhibiting at the Royal Academy from 1894 onwards and becoming a sought-after portraitist among London society. Iris, Sunshine And Wind, and The Bathers are just a few examples of paintings that showcase his evolving style and captivating use of light and color.
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Greek Born in Piraeus Surrealism
Born in Piraeus, Tsaroychis’s formative years were steeped in the traditions of Greek art history. This pivotal shift was catalyzed by encounters with European avant-garde artists—particularly Giorgio Morandi and Fernand Léger —who championed a contemplative approach to artistic expression. Despite remaining largely outside the mainstream art world during his lifetime, Yiannis Tsaroychis’s work continues to inspire admiration for its imaginative vision and technical prowess.
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American Born in New York Abstract Expressionism
Aaron Siskind, born in the vibrant heart of New York City in 1903, stands as a pivotal figure in American photography—a bridge between the documentary impulse and the burgeoning world of Abstract Expressionism. He spent two decades at the Illinois Institute of Technology (1951-1970), shaping the minds of aspiring photographers at its Institute of Design, and continued his teaching career at the Rhode Island School of Design (1971-1976) alongside Harry Callahan.
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German-American Born in Weißenburg in Bayern Abstract Expressionism Wikipedia in 14/32 languages
His works are now held in prestigious collections worldwide – The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Tate Modern, Germanisches Nationalmuseum, National Gallery of Art, and Art Institute of Chicago among them—ensuring that his vibrant vision continues to inspire generations to come.
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Romanian Born in Iași ['Expressionism', 'Dadaism']
His studies at the Academy of Art in Berlin provided a solid grounding in classical techniques, but it was his exposure to the works of artists like Schmid-Reutte and Hölzel that ignited his interest in exploring new modes of representation.
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Born in Stribach Wikipedia in 13/32 languages
Egger-Lienz’s early works focused on scenes of peasant life and historical events, particularly the Tyrolean Rebellion of 1809. Key Influence: The artist Ferdinand Hodler significantly impacted Egger-Lienz's style, leading to a monumental expressiveness characterized by heroic figures in stage-like spaces.
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American Born in New York City Abstract Expressionism Wikipedia in 12/32 languages
A crucial moment arrived in 1935 when Gottlieb joined forces with artists like Mark Rothko and John D. Graham to form “The Ten,” later known as the New York Artists Painters group. Throughout his career, Adolph Gottlieb exhibited widely in both the United States and Europe, gaining recognition for his unique contribution to American art.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Canadian Born in Montreal Lyrical Abstraction Wikipedia in 14/32 languages
Les Automatistes: Riopelle was a member of Les Automatistes in the 1940s, embracing Surrealist principles and exploring spontaneous creation. Shift from Surrealism: After a brief association with the Surrealists, Riopelle moved towards Lyrical Abstraction, a style related to Abstract Expressionism. He is considered a leading artist of French Lyrical Abstraction.
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German Born in Berlin Expressionism Wikipedia in 18/32 languages
Born in Berlin in 1877 into an upper-middle-class family, Münter navigated a world that presented significant obstacles for women pursuing artistic careers. From early training to her pivotal role in Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider), Münter’s life was inextricably linked with artistic exploration and a commitment to pushing the boundaries of what painting could be. Münter's artistic education began with private tutoring, followed by formal studies at the Düsseldorf studio of Ernst Bosch and later at the Damenschule (Women’s School) in Munich.
Pupil of Wassily Kandinsky #1
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Korean Born in Ulchin Abstract painting
Throughout the 1950s and early 60s, Yoo Youngkuk’s artistic style underwent a significant transformation. Following his participation in the São Paulo Biennial in 1963, Yoo experienced a period of artistic consolidation, withdrawing from group activities to focus on solo exhibitions held every other year for two decades. Yoo Youngkuk's contributions to Korean modern art were widely recognized during his lifetime, culminating in a survey by Monthly Art magazine that hailed him as the most outstanding artist among over a hundred of his contemporaries.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Polish Born in Leorda Expressionism Wikipedia in 11/32 languages
Weiss's distinctive style is characterized by intense emotion conveyed through muted color palettes and dynamic brushstrokes—a hallmark of Expressionism. His canvases capture psychological states with remarkable sensitivity, reflecting the anxieties and uncertainties of his time. He absorbed inspiration from Impressionists like Monet and Sisley, adapting their techniques to convey emotion and atmosphere.
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American Born in Buffalo Abstract Expressionism, Minimalism Wikipedia in 12/32 languages
Even his involvement in protests – against MoMA in the 1940s, with “The Irascibles” against the Metropolitan Museum of Art in the 1950s, and through a lithograph for Artists and Writers Protest Against the Vietnam War in 1967—demonstrated a commitment to artistic freedom and social responsibility.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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German Born in Schlēde German Expressionism
The photogram technique itself involved placing plant specimens onto photographic paper and exposing them to light without using a camera lens. This method created images where the textures and contours of the plants were revealed through latent impressions formed by ultraviolet radiation—a process that yielded strikingly surreal results.
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Austrian Born in Bzenec Vienna Secession Wikipedia in 13/32 languages
Born amidst the evocative landscapes of Bisenz, Bohemia, Maximilian Franz Viktor Zdenko Marie Kurzweil carried the romantic sensibilities of his youth into the heart of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Yet, it was his immersion in the light-drenched ateliers of Paris, particularly the Académie Julian, that truly ignited his creative spirit. While he achieved significant professional milestones—including being awarded the prestigious Villa Romana prize in 1905 and serving as a respected professor at the Frauenkunstschule —his personal existence was often shadowed by an innate sense of melancholy.
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French Born in Paris Expressionism
Despite his immense success, Buffet’s journey was not without its tribulations. The very qualities that had made him a star—his accessibility and his commitment to the figurative—became targets for a changing art establishment.
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German/Dutch Born in Krefeld Der Blaue Reiter Wikipedia in 13/32 languages
The Blaue Reiter’s emphasis on symbolism, spirituality, and the connection between art and nature profoundly impacted Campendonk's work, leading him to incorporate elements of folklore, mythology, and dream imagery into his compositions.
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American Born in Centerville Abstract Expressionism Wikipedia in 14/32 languages
There, he encountered Teng Kuei, a Chinese painter who initiated him into the art of Eastern penmanship – a revelation that would become central to his artistic identity. Tobey’s travels became increasingly frequent and purposeful, taking him across Europe, Palestine, Turkey, Lebanon, China, and Japan. His work was exhibited widely in Europe and the United States, earning him numerous awards and accolades.
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Scottish Expressionism; Surrealism
A pivotal moment in his development occurred during his travels to Europe, where the monumental war triptychs of Otto Dix in Dresden left an indelible mark on his psyche. John Bellany’s contribution to British art history is marked by his ability to elevate regional Scottish identity to a universal stage.
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Dutch Born in 's-Hertogenbosch Expressionism, Luminism Wikipedia in 8/32 languages
He produced a diverse collection of portraits, ranging from formal studio studies to informal snapshots of everyday life. Throughout his career, he remained committed to pushing the boundaries of Dutch painting, forging his own unique path amidst the shifting currents of modern art. While renowned for his landscapes, Sluijters was also a prolific portrait painter.
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German Born in Soest Expressionism Wikipedia in 11/32 languages
His service, which earned him the Iron Cross, ultimately led to his untimely death near Langemark, Belgium, in August 1917, at the age of only twenty-six.
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American Born in Kansas City Abstract Expressionism
In his works, such as the evocative Untitled (664) or the energetic Phenomena compass bearing, one can witness the breathtaking interplay of light and liquid. Controlled Chance: A deliberate embrace of gravity and fluid dynamics to produce organic, unpredictable forms. Born in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1923, his artistic journey began with formal training at the Art Students League of New York under the guidance of Yasuo Kuniyoshi.
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American Born in Birmingham Neo-Expressionism Wikipedia in 8/32 languages
Born on October 17, 1955, in Birmingham, Alabama, Marshall’s early life was shaped by the profound social tremors of the American South and the subsequent migration to Los Angeles. Marshall’s artistic education began at the Otis College of Art and Design, where he earned his BFA in 1978. From his tenure as a professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago to major retrospective exhibitions like Kerry James Marshall: Mastry at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, his influence permeates both the academy and the public consciousness.
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Belgian Born in Ghent Flemish Expressionism Wikipedia in 10/32 languages
During his time in the Netherlands, his work was influenced by the Bergen School and the works of Henri Le Fauconnier. His later years were marked by a peak in his unique mixture of Expressionism and Cubism.
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French Cubism
Beyond his individual stylistic achievements, Armand Schonberger played a vital role in the collective movement of the European avant-garde.
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German Born in Dusseldorf New Objectivity & Realism
His landscapes—particularly “ Early Morning in the Eifel Mountains ”—capture the serene beauty of the Rhineland region with remarkable precision and tonal subtlety.
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British Biblical scenes, female figures
She often worked directly on the support, layering charcoal and paint in multiple passes, building up textures and creating subtle gradations of tone. Beyond the technical aspects, Ascher’s process involved a deep engagement with the source material. She challenged the traditional role of religious art, moving beyond mere illustration to create works that explored the psychological and emotional dimensions of faith.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Belgian Born in Ghent Expressionism, Surrealism Wikipedia in 10/32 languages
Frits Van den Berghe died in Ghent in 1939, leaving behind a rich and complex body of work that continues to captivate viewers with its haunting beauty and psychological depth. His legacy endures as one of the most significant figures of the Belgian Expressionist movement. Initially, he benefited from the rigorous training provided by Jean Delvin at the Royal Academy, grounding him in classical techniques and compositional principles.
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Initially, Barlach worked in an Art Nouveau style, creating illustrations for the magazine Jugend and ceramic sculptures. A pivotal trip to Russia in 1906 profoundly influenced his artistic direction, exposing him to new perspectives and a more expressive aesthetic.
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American Born in Beirut ['Assemblage', 'Pop Art', 'Neo-Dada'] Wikipedia in 17/32 languages
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American Born in Chicago Wood engraving, Graphic novel
Lynd Ward's contribution to American art lies not just in his technical mastery—his exquisite wood engravings are renowned for their precision and expressive power—but also in his willingness to challenge conventional storytelling methods.
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Russian-Lithuanian Born in Novgorod Expressionism, Cityscapes
Born in Novgorod and carrying Lithuanian heritage, he carved out a unique artistic voice defined by a haunting exploration of urban decay, industrial landscapes, and the psychological toll of modernity. His work isn’t merely depictions of crumbling buildings; it's a visceral expression of isolation, anxiety, and the unsettling beauty found within the shadows of rapidly changing cities. Mstislav Dobuzhinsky’s work holds significant historical importance as a document of early 20th-century Russia.
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German Born in Krefeld Expressionism Wikipedia in 10/32 languages
Unlike many artists who sought grand urban centers, Nauen found his creative haven in the Rhineland, a region steeped in folklore, rural beauty, and a deep connection to the land – influences that would irrevocably shape his distinctive style. While Nauen’s work predates the formal establishment of German Expressionism, it undeniably shares many key characteristics with the movement.
Signature works
A timeline
Figures
| Germany | 24 |
|---|---|
| United States | 19 |
| Austria | 6 |
| Russia | 5 |
| Belgium | 4 |
| United States of America | 4 |
| Switzerland | 2 |
| Netherlands | 2 |
| 1840s | 1 |
|---|---|
| 1850s | 1 |
| 1860s | 10 |
| 1870s | 16 |
| 1880s | 22 |
| 1890s | 9 |
| 1900s | 13 |
| 1910s | 8 |
| 1920s | 10 |
| 1930s | 4 |
| 1940s | 2 |
| 1950s | 3 |
| 1960s | 1 |
Every name
Wassily KandinskyRussian · 1866–1944Edvard MunchNorwegian · 1863–1944Jean Michel BasquiatAmerican · 1960–1988Paul KleeGerman and Swiss · 1879–1940Jackson PollockAmerican · 1912–1956Amedeo ModiglianiItalian · 1884–1920Egon SchieleAustrian · 1890–1918Francis BaconIrish · 1909–1992Gerhard RichterGerman · born 1932Willem de KooningDutch-American · 1904–1997Jasper JohnsAmerican · born 1930Mark RothkoAmerican · 1903–1970Franz MarcGerman · 1880–1916Oskar KokoschkaAustrian, Czech, British · 1886–1980Ernst Ludwig KirchnerGerman · 1880–1938Arshile GorkyArmenian-American · 1904–1948Emil NoldeGerman-Danish · 1867–1956Otto DixGerman · 1891–1969James EnsorBelgian · 1860–1949Chaim SoutineFrench · 1893–1943Max BeckmannGerman · 1884–1950Friedensreich HundertwasserAustrian · 1928–2000Anselm KieferGerman · born 1945Lucian FreudBritish · 1922–2011Käthe KollwitzGerman · 1867–1945Georges RouaultFrench · 1871–1958Alexander CalderScottish-American · 1898–1976David Alfaro SiqueirosMexican · 1896–1974Helen FrankenthalerAmerican · 1928–2011Cy TwomblyAmerican · 1928–2011Lyonel FeiningerGerman-American · 1871–1956Barnett NewmanAmerican · 1905–1970František KupkaCzech · 1871–1957Paula Modersohn-BeckerGerman · 1876–1907Julian SchnabelAmerican · born 1951Georg BaselitzGerman · 1938–2026Lee KrasnerAmerican · 1908–1984Karl Schmidt-RottluffGerman · 1884–1976Hans HartungGerman-French · 1904–1989Frank AuerbachBritish · 1931–2024Robert MotherwellAmerican · 1915–1991Franz KlineAmerican · 1910–1962Peter DoigScottish · born 1959M.F. HusainIndian · 1915–2011August MackeGerman · 1887–1914Alexej von JawlenskyRussian · 1864–1941Philip GustonCanadian-American · 1913–1980Lovis CorinthGerman · 1858–1925Alice NeelAmerican · 1900–1984Zao Wou-Ki1920–2013Johannes IttenSwiss · 1888–1967Stanisław Ignacy WitkiewiczPolish · 1885–1939Erich HeckelGerman · 1883–1970Arnold SchoenbergAustrian-American · 1874–1951Marianne von WerefkinRussian-German-Swiss · 1860–1938Max PechsteinSpanish · 1881–1955Vilmos Aba-NovakHungarian · 1894–1941Nadežda PetrovićSerbian · 1873–1915Otto MuellerGerman · 1874–1930Constant PermekeBelgian · 1886–1952Jules Pascin1885–1930Christian RohlfsGerman · 1849–1938Wilhelm LehmbruckGerman · 1881–1919Ossip ZadkineRussian-French · 1888–1967Clyfford StillAmerican · 1904–1980Richard GerstlAustrian · 1883–1908Richard DiebenkornAmerican · 1922–1993John MarinAmerican · 1870–1953Charles Henry SimsBritish · 1873–1928Yannis TsarouchisGreek · 1910–1989Aaron SiskindAmerican · 1903–1991Hans HofmannGerman-American · 1880–1966Arthur SegalRomanian · 1875–1944Albin Egger-Lienz1868–1926Adolph GottliebAmerican · 1903–1974Jean-Paul RiopelleCanadian · 1923–2002Gabriele MünterGerman · 1877–1962Yoo YoungkukKorean · 1916–2002Wojciech WeissPolish · 1875–1950Ad ReinhardtAmerican · 1913–1967Karl BlossfeldtGerman · 1865–1932Max KurzweilAustrian · 1867–1916Bernard BuffetFrench · 1928–1999Heinrich CampendonkGerman/Dutch · 1889–1957Mark TobeyAmerican · 1890–1976John BellanyScottish · 1942–2013Jan SluijtersDutch · 1881–1957Wilhelm MorgnerGerman · 1891–1917Paul JenkinsAmerican · 1923–2012Kerry James MarshallAmerican · born 1955Gustave De SmetBelgian · 1877–1943Armand SchonbergerFrench · 1885–1974Werner PeinerGerman · 1897–1984Mary AscherBritish · 1900–1988Frits Van Den BergheBelgian · 1883–1939Ernst Barlach1870–1938Etel AdnanAmerican · 1925–2021Lynd WardAmerican · 1905–1985Mstislav DobuzhinskyRussian-Lithuanian · 1875–1957Heinrich NauenGerman · 1880–1940Questions
First place goes to Wassily Kandinsky (#1); Edvard Munch (#2) and Jean Michel Basquiat (#3) complete the podium.
Wassily Kandinsky (#1), Edvard Munch (#2), Jean Michel Basquiat (#3), Paul Klee (#4) and Jackson Pollock (#5).
“His final years were spent in this French landscape, continuing to work with the layered impasto techniques that gave his canvases a physical, textured presence.” — from our biography of Wassily Kandinsky (#1).
Most painters in this list were born in the 1880s (22 of 100), between 1849 and 1960 overall.
This list includes 10 women: Käthe Kollwitz (#25), Helen Frankenthaler (#29), Paula Modersohn-Becker (#34), Lee Krasner (#37), Alice Neel (#49), Marianne von Werefkin (#55), Nadežda Petrović (#58) and Gabriele Münter (#77).
Germany: 24 of the 100 painters in this list were born there, then United States (19) and Austria (6).
Robert Motherwell (#41) taught Cy Twombly (#30); Franz Kline (#42) taught Cy Twombly (#30).
Vienna: 3 of the painters in this list were born there.
The museums holding the most key works of this list are Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum (4), Metropolitan Museum of Art (4) and MOMA - Museum of Modern Art (4).
The highest-ranked living painters in this list are Gerhard Richter (#9), Jasper Johns (#11), Anselm Kiefer (#23), Julian Schnabel (#35), Peter Doig (#43) and Kerry James Marshall (#90).
The earliest-born painter in this list is Christian Rohlfs (#62), born in 1849.
Our catalogue holds 16,739 works by these painters.
Read
Other movements
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