19th Century, one artist at a time
Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890) is the most famous 19th Century painter, whose singular vision gave us Sunflowers and The Potato Eaters. Next stand Claude Monet, Paul Cézanne, Henri Matisse and Wassily Kandinsky. These 100 painters, from Bertel Thorvaldsen (born 1770) to Henri Matisse (born 1869), came from 23 countries.
Our selection. Artists whose works our catalogue attaches to 19th Century, in the order of our fame ranking. Artists born after 1955 with no Wikidata identifier stay out until verified. The Wikipedia figure counts our 32 languages with an article on the artist.
In brief
One artist at a time
1of 100
Born in Zundert Wikipedia in 32/32 languages
In 1886, the move to Paris changed the way he saw light and color. He spent time absorbing the techniques of masters like Monet, Renoir, and Pissarro. His approach to color and form helped clear a path for Expressionism, moving art away from the need to mirror the physical world.
Where to see To see the physical traces of his brushwork, one can travel to several specific collections.
2of 100
French Born in Paris Impressionism Wikipedia in 32/32 languages
This pursuit was defined by plein air landscape painting, a method that required him to work directly on large-scale canvases out of doors. He would often return to his studio to rework and complete these pieces, bridging the gap between the immediate observation of the outdoors and the controlled environment of the studio. Throughout his career, he worked and exhibited alongside figures such as Edgar Degas and Édouard Manet, contributing to a collective shift in how light and atmosphere were perceived on canvas.
Pupil of Eugène Louis Boudin #61, Johan Jongkind #88
3of 100
French Born in Aix-en-Provence Post-Impressionism Wikipedia in 32/32 languages
While his father’s ambitions leaned toward the law, the young artist found his footing under the guidance of Joseph Gibert at the Free Municipal School of Drawing. The move to Paris in 1862 marked a period of both struggle and essential exposure. Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque drew heavily from this method, finding in his work a way to organize space through volume rather than mere light.
Where to see The physical presence of his vision remains scattered across several major institutions, allowing the viewer to trace his evolution from the dark, expressive brushwork of his youth to the structured clarity of his later years.
4of 100
French Born in Le Cateau-Cambrésis Fauvism, Post-impressionism, Cubism Wikipedia in 32/32 languages
Later, he moved to the École Nationale des Beaux-Arts. He looked closely at the works of Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, Nicolas Poussin, and Antoine Watteau.
Where to see Walking through the halls of the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, one can find his work held within the collection.
Pupil of Gustave Moreau #36
5of 100
Russian Born in Moscow ['Expressionism', 'Abstract painting', 'Der Blaue Reiter'] Wikipedia in 32/32 languages
By about 1896, he had moved to Munich to begin formal studies in art. He sought out the Anton Ažbe School and the Academy of Fine Arts to learn the mechanics of his chosen craft.
Where to see His canvases are scattered across several major institutions, inviting a close look at how his use of color and form evolved.
6of 100
Norwegian Born in Ådalsbruk ['Expressionism', 'Symbolism']
Munch did not aim to replicate the physical world as it appeared to the eye. Instead, he sought to externalize his internal state, a method he called soul painting. In Paris, he encountered the techniques of artists like Paul Gauguin and Vincent van Gogh.
Where to see The Munch Museum is the primary guardian of his legacy, housing a vast collection that spans the full range of his artistic output.
7of 100
French Born in Paris ['Post-Impressionist', 'Symbolist', 'Synthetism', 'Primitivism'] Wikipedia in 32/32 languages
The years between 1886 and 1891 were marked by a restless search for a visual language that could transcend mere observation. In 1887, a shift in scenery brought him to Panama and Martinique alongside Charles Laval. By prioritizing the expression of internal meaning over the accurate depiction of the external world, he helped shift the focus of the French avant-garde toward a more subjective, symbolic language.
Where to see In Paris, the Musée d'Orsay preserves a significant portion of his output, offering a glimpse into the evolution of his color and form.
Pupil of Camille Pissarro #30
8of 100
French Born in former 10th arrondissement of Paris Realism, Impressionism, Avant-garde Wikipedia in 31/32 languages
The surface of a canvas reveals a deliberate departure from the polished, invisible finish required by the Salon. This approach prioritizes the physical reality of the paint itself. He shared spaces and ideas with Claude Monet and Edgar Degas, men who were also pushing against the boundaries of what a painting could be.
Pupil of Thomas Couture #83
9of 100
Austrian Born in Baumgarten ['Art Nouveau', 'Symbolism', 'Vienna Secession'] Wikipedia in 32/32 languages
Around 1900, a transformation took hold of his brush, ushering in a period that would define his legacy. He moved away from the heavy, academic shadows of his youth to embrace a luminous, decorative language. His influence was felt most keenly by those who followed in his footsteps, such as his younger peer Egon Schiele, who drew from the expressive possibilities Klimt had carved out.
Where to see Within those walls, the gold leaf seems to retain a warmth that defies the passage of time.
10of 100
Born in Saint-Maurice Wikipedia in 31/32 languages
As Talleyrand navigated the shifting political tides, serving both the Restoration and King Louis-Philippe, he ensured Delacroix remained positioned within the center of Parisian life. Charles Auguste Louis Joseph, duc de Morny, acted as another vital shield for the painter. This passion for North African landscapes and traditions provided the essential spark for the Symbolist movement.
Where to see The traces of Delacroix’s life remain anchored in Paris.
11of 100
French Born in Ornans Realism Wikipedia in 31/32 languages
This meant looking at what was actually present rather than what tradition suggested should be there. He focused on the truth of the subject, often choosing to present the mundane and the unidealized as his primary focus. The shift from Romanticism toward the modern era found its momentum in the way he handled paint and subject.
Where to see His canvases are scattered across several major collections, inviting a close look at the textures of his paint.
12of 100
British Born in Maiden Lane Romanticism Wikipedia in 31/32 languages
In his early years, he followed the path of the eighteenth-century topographical tradition, producing precise renderings of architecture and landscapes. These early efforts showed a disciplined hand, yet a restless spirit was already beginning to stir beneath the surface of his technical proficiency. His ascent to widespread acclaim was aided by a significant turning point in 1840, when a prominent critic became his great champion.
Where to see The Tate Britain houses much of his life's work, allowing a viewer to trace his development through the decades.
13of 100
German Born in Greifswald Romanticism Wikipedia in 31/32 languages
Born in the Baltic port city of Greifswald in 1774, Caspar David Friedrich’s early years were shaped by a profound sense of loss. His technical skills were further honed in Copenhagen, where he was exposed to landscape traditions that he would eventually transform into a medium for expressing inner emotional states. His reputation underwent a significant rediscovery in the late 20th century, as he was recognized as a central figure in German Romanticism.
14of 100
French Born in Paris Realism Wikipedia in 32/32 languages
He prefers the term "Realist," a choice that dictates his entire approach to the canvas. He avoids the outdoor landscape and the loose, flickering brushstrokes favored by his contemporaries. The shift in late 19th-century art finds a central figure in Degas.
Where to see The traces of Degas's observation remain scattered across major institutions, preserved in the quiet halls of Paris and beyond.
15of 100
French Born in Limoges Impressionism Wikipedia in 32/32 languages
His early years were defined by a preoccupation with the way light interacts with the physical world. He utilized loose brushstrokes and a palette of saturated colors to capture the fleeting atmosphere of a moment.
Where to see The distribution of his canvases across the globe reflects the widespread reach of his influence.
16of 100
French Born in Montauban Neoclassicism Wikipedia in 32/32 languages
Having won the Grand Prix de Rome in 1801, Ingres arrives in Rome to begin a residency that will define his middle years. His presence in Italy is long-lasting, eventually leading to his appointment as the Director of the Academy of France in Rome in 1834. When he died in 1867, the landscape of French art had shifted.
Where to see The traces of his hand remain scattered across major global institutions.
17of 100
French Born in former 5th arrondissement of Paris ['Neo-Impressionism', 'Post-Impressionism', 'Pointillism', 'Divisionism', 'Chromoluminarism'] Wikipedia in 30/32 languages
Seurat replaced the spontaneous, intuitive brushwork of his predecessors with a calculated, systematic approach to light. He developed Pointillism, a method defined by the application of small, distinct dots of pure color onto a canvas. The Fauvists adopted his emphasis on bold, non-naturalistic color, while the Cubists drew from his ability to deconstruct forms into geometric components.
18of 100
French Born in Rouen Romanticism Wikipedia in 30/32 languages
While The Raft of the Medusa remains his most celebrated achievement, Géricault's artistic output extended beyond this singular masterpiece. Sadly, Géricault’s life was cut short by illness at the age of 32 in 1824, following years of suffering from riding accidents and a chronic tubercular infection. He continually returned to military themes, evident in works like Wounded Cuirassier (1814) and The Derby of Epsom (1821), demonstrating a fascination with drama and expressive force.
19of 100
French Born in Gréville-Hague Realism, Barbizon school Wikipedia in 30/32 languages
In 1837, he moved to Paris to enroll at the École des Beaux-Arts. His first submission to the Salon, Saint Anne Instructing the Virgin, was rejected by the jury. His insistence on depicting the working class with dignity provided the necessary groundwork for the emergence of Social Realism and the later developments of Impressionism.
Where to see Paris remains the primary destination for his work.
Pupil of Paul Delaroche #55
20of 100
Swedish Born in Solna Abstract art, Spiritualism Wikipedia in 24/32 languages
Coming from a family steeped in naval tradition yet also possessing an interest in botany and mathematics, she received a traditional artistic education at the Tekniska Skolan (Technical School) and subsequently at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Stockholm, graduating with honors in 1887. Her encounters with Rudolf Steiner, founder of Anthroposophy, further refined her spiritual beliefs and artistic approach.
21of 100
French Born in Paris Neoclassicism, Realism, Impressionism Wikipedia in 30/32 languages
He spent time sketching and making preliminary paintings directly in the landscape to capture the immediate light. This method allowed him to build up his compositions through a specific layering of thin washes of oil paint onto the canvas. By the time he reached his final decade, he was known in Parisian circles as "Père Corot." This title reflected more than just his age; it spoke to his position as a central figure for those navigating the shift from academic traditions toward new ways of seeing.
Where to see To find his traces, one often looks to Paris.
Teacher of Berthe Morisot #23
22of 100
American Born in Lowell Tonalism & Aestheticism Wikipedia in 30/32 languages
In 1855, Whistler left the familiar surroundings of his youth to move to Paris, a city where he could finally devote himself entirely to his art. He sought out formal training, studying under Sébastien Bouré and later entering the studio of Gleyre in 1856. Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1 (1871).
Where to see Finding the traces of Whistler's hand requires traveling through the cities that shaped his life and his restless spirit.
23of 100
French Born in Bourges Impressionism Wikipedia in 30/32 languages
Her mother, Marie-Joseph-Cornélie Thomas, brought a connection to the Rococo tradition as the great-niece of Jean-Honoré Fragonard. By 1858, she was spending her time in the Louvre, learning the mechanics of paint by copying the Old Masters.
Where to see To see her brushwork in person, one might start in Paris.
Pupil of Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot #21
24of 100
British Born in East Bergholt Romanticism Wikipedia in 30/32 languages
Instead, he sought a truthful representation of the natural world. This required a slow, methodical process of observation. He also looked toward the compositions of Thomas Gainsborough and the textures of Peter Paul Rubens.
Where to see Tracing his presence across different collections reveals how his views of the English countryside have been gathered over time.
25of 100
American Born in Boston American Realism Wikipedia in 24/32 languages
In 1859, Homer moved to New York City and opened a studio in the Tenth Street Studio Building. The years that followed saw him traveling through New York State, Virginia, and Massachusetts. This commitment to seeing things as they were—from the aftermath of the Civil War to the shifting landscapes of the coast—ensures his place among the most important artists in the American tradition.
Where to see Tracing the physical presence of his work requires visiting several major institutions across the United States.
26of 100
Czech Born in Ivančice Art Nouveau Wikipedia in 31/32 languages
Notable Works: The Slavonic Uprising - Showcases blending traditional Czech motifs with modern Art Nouveau elements. Paintings inspired by works like The Daughters of Tespio by Gustave Moreau, and La Ribambelle des Gobelins by Piero Dorazio. Influenced by Czech artistic traditions and modern European art movements.
27of 100
French Born in Albi Post-Impressionism Wikipedia in 31/32 languages
His hand moved with a precision that transformed simple lines into instruments of character and emotion. By rejecting traditional depth, he achieved a directness that mirrored the immediacy of the Parisian nightlife he inhabited. The transition from Impressionism to modern art found a distinct voice in the works of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.
Where to see The Musée Toulouse-Lautrec, housed within the Palais de la Berbie, maintains the most significant collection, containing over 1000 works that trace his evolution from an aristocratic youth to a chronicler of the Parisian night.
28of 100
French Born in La Rochelle Academic realism Wikipedia in 29/32 languages
Working primarily in oil, Bouguereau constructs scenes through academic realism, focusing heavily on the female human body. This structural choice, reminiscent of Renaissance artists, provides a sense of depth and order to his mythological themes and realistic genre paintings. The height of the nineteenth century finds him as the quintessential salon painter, a figure of immense popularity in France and the United States.
Where to see The physical presence of his canvases remains scattered across major international institutions.
29of 100
English Born in London Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, Symbolism Wikipedia in 31/32 languages
He did not merely paint scenes; he constructed them through a lens of medieval revivalism, looking back to the sincerity of the era before Raphael to find a way to express modern sentiment. This later phase drew heavily from the later Italian Renaissance, trading early clarity for a sense of saturated, heavy texture. She was the face of several significant paintings, including Proserpine, The Day Dream, and Pia de' Tolomei.
Where to see The Tate Gallery holds the largest concentration of his work, with 16 pieces available for study.
30of 100
Danish-French Born in Charlotte Amalie ['Impressionism', 'Neo-Impressionism', 'Post-Impressionism'] Wikipedia in 31/32 languages
The transition from academic tradition to the open air marks a fundamental shift in his approach. He moves away from the stifling constraints of formal training to embrace plein air painting, working directly from nature to capture the immediate sensations of the landscape. Without his stabilizing presence and willingness to experiment—even venturing into the pointillist techniques of Neo-Impressionism —the development of Post-Impressionism might have taken a different shape.
Where to see The weight of Pissarro's influence is felt most heavily in Paris.
Teacher of Paul Gauguin #7
31of 100
Ukrainian-born Russian Born in Chuhuiv Realism Wikipedia in 32/32 languages
Repin established himself as the foremost exponent of the Russian Realist style, a movement that sought to strip away academic idealization in favor of the unvarnished truth of contemporary life. During his time in France and Italy, he encountered the burgeoning Impressionist movement, and the influence of French plein-air techniques became evident in his later work. Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan (1885).
Where to see The physical presence of Repin's oeuvre is scattered across several major institutions, reflecting the breadth of his influence.
32of 100
Born in Laval Wikipedia in 31/32 languages
Rousseau was largely self-taught as an artist, beginning to paint seriously in his early forties after receiving encouragement from a friend. His style is characterized by its naïve or primitive quality, marked by flat perspectives, simplified forms, and vibrant, often unrealistic colors. He admired artists like Eugène Delacroix and drew inspiration from their use of color and exotic subject matter.
33of 100
British Born in former 4th arrondissement of Paris Impressionism Wikipedia in 31/32 languages
While many of his contemporaries drifted between different genres, Sisley’s focus remained remarkably singular. This devotion to the immediate, lived experience of nature made him perhaps the most consistent of the Impressionists in his method. He acted as a vital link between the Barbizon school, with its grounded realism, and the full flowering of Impressionism.
Where to see In Paris, his presence is felt strongly within the Musée d'Orsay, which holds a significant number of his canvases.
34of 100
French Born in Strasbourg Romanticism Wikipedia in 30/32 languages
He does not wait for formal instruction to master the line. At fifteen, he enters the bustling, satirical atmosphere of the French journal Le Journal pour rire. His 1866 illustrations for the Bible achieved massive success, cementing a visual language for sacred texts that persists in the public imagination.
Where to see The physical remnants of Doré’s prolific output are scattered across several continents, preserved in institutions that hold his diverse range of media.
35of 100
American Born in Florence Impressionism Wikipedia in 27/32 languages
To further refine his skills, he enrolled at the École des Beaux-Arts, drawing from life models and casts to solidify his foundation. The unveiling of Madame X (Portrait of Madame Pierre Gautreau) at the 1884 Salon ignited a scandal that threatened his burgeoning career. By the time of his death on April 15, 1925, the scope of Sargent's output had reached a vast scale, encompassing roughly 900 oil paintings and over 2,000 watercolors.
36of 100
French Born in Paris Symbolism Wikipedia in 28/32 languages
He did not merely observe the works of the masters; he lived among them, spending his time making hundreds of copies and studies of Old Master paintings. His time in Italy allowed him to synthesize these diverse influences, blending the classical precision of the Renaissance with a more modern, expressive use of color. By the 1890s, Moreau had become a central figure in the Symbolist movement.
Where to see To experience his art in the most intimate way, one can visit the Musée Gustave Moreau in Paris, France.
37of 100
French Born in Marseille Realism, Satire Wikipedia in 29/32 languages
While Daumier is most celebrated for his lithography, to confine him solely to the realm of caricature would be a grave disservice. He was also a dedicated painter and sculptor, though recognition for these works came later in life. His unflinching social commentary influenced artists like Gustave Courbet and Édouard Manet, while his innovative use of lithography revolutionized printmaking.
38of 100
French Born in Paris Neo-Impressionism, Pointillism Wikipedia in 29/32 languages
He moved away from the traditional method of mixing pigments on a palette, which he believed could dull the true intensity of color. In 1899, he articulated these complex theories in his writing, From Eugène Delacroix to Neo-Impressionism. Signac’s approach to the canvas inspired artists like Henri Matisse and André Derain, who would later push the boundaries of color even further.
Where to see The Musée d'Orsay holds nine of his works, offering a significant gathering of his vision.
39of 100
Russian Born in Feodosiia Russian Romanticism Wikipedia in 32/32 languages
As a Russian Romantic painter, he prioritized the visceral impact of light and movement over static accuracy. He achieved this through a specific technical discipline: applying paint in thin, translucent layers. In 1845, he traveled to the Aegean Sea, the Ottoman capital Constantinople, and the Greek islands of Patmos and Rhodes.
Where to see Aivazovsky’s presence in modern collections remains substantial, ensuring his technical approach to light and water is still accessible to those studying marine art.
40of 100
Japanese Born in Edo Ukiyo-e Wikipedia in 30/32 languages
His life unfolded during a period of relative peace and prosperity under the Tokugawa shogunate, yet also one marked by increasing social change and eventual westernization – forces that would ultimately contribute to the decline of ukiyo-e even as they amplified Hiroshige’s enduring legacy. Artists like Édouard Manet, Claude Monet, and Edgar Degas were captivated by the bold compositions, flattened perspectives, and unconventional color schemes of ukiyo-e, incorporating these elements into their own work.
41of 100
French Born in Fontenay-aux-Roses Post-Impressionism, Intimism, Les Nabis Wikipedia in 27/32 languages
He became a founding member of Les Nabis, a group of artists who sought to move beyond mere representation. The prints of Hokusai and other Japanese masters offered him a new way to organize space and line. While his early years were defined by his membership in Les Nabis alongside Edouard Vuillard and Paul Serusier, his work eventually moved beyond the group's specific boundaries.
Where to see The physical presence of Bonnard’s vision remains scattered across several major institutions, allowing his specific approach to light and domesticity to be studied in various contexts.
42of 100
Born in Bordeaux Wikipedia in 28/32 languages
To achieve greater precision, he often applied fabricated black chalk to outline specific compositional elements over broad, soft passages of charcoal. These works were often described as a synthesis of nightmares and dreams, where the boundaries between the physical and the imagined became blurred. The ripples of Redon’s vision reached far beyond the quiet rooms of the Symbolist circle, touching the very foundations of the coming century.
Where to see In Paris, the Musée d'Orsay holds several of his works, offering a glimpse into the evolution of his vision.
Pupil of Jean-Léon Gérôme #45
43of 100
Swiss Born in Basel Symbolism Wikipedia in 27/32 languages
Salvador Dalí and Max Ernst, who drew from his ability to blend the comic with the nightmarish.
44of 100
American Born in Allegheny Impressionism Wikipedia in 32/32 languages
Her training expands as she moves through Courance and Écouen, studying under Édouard Frère and Paul Soyer. In 1872, the scene shifts to Parma, Italy. Her impact is recognized by her induction into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1973.
Pupil of Jean-Léon Gérôme #45, Thomas Couture #83
45of 100
French Born in Vesoul Academicism, Orientalism, Neo-Grec Wikipedia in 29/32 languages
The story of Jean-Léon Gérôme begins in Vesoul, Haute-Saône, where he was born on 11 May 1824. Upon returning to Paris, he sought further refinement within the atelier of Charles Gleyre in 1844 and eventually entered the École des Beaux-Arts. Among those who passed through his doors were Thomas Eakins, John Singer Sargent, and Mary Cassatt.
Where to see In Paris, the Musée d'Orsay preserves his paintings, offering a direct connection to the academic rigor he once championed.
Pupil of Paul Delaroche #55 · Teacher of Odilon Redon #42, Mary Cassatt #44, Thomas Eakins #77, Édouard Vuillard #73, Gustave Caillebotte #58
46of 100
American Born in Hartford Hudson River School Wikipedia in 24/32 languages
His paintings are characterized by an astonishing level of detail, capturing the textures of foliage, the play of light on water, and the imposing scale of mountains with breathtaking accuracy. However, this wasn’t simply photographic representation; Church infused his work with a dramatic flair, employing sweeping panoramic views, vibrant color palettes, and a masterful command of atmospheric perspective. This influence is evident in Church’s later expeditions to South America and his attempts to convey not just the visual beauty of these landscapes but also their underlying geological and botanical complexities.
Pupil of Thomas Cole #62
47of 100
Born in Lille Wikipedia in 28/32 languages
Key Relationship: A pivotal moment came in August 1886 when he met Paul Gauguin in Pont-Aven. He also associated with Vincent van Gogh, forming part of the “School of Petit-Boulevard” alongside Anquetin and Toulouse-Lautrec.
48of 100
British Born in Scarborough Academic, Pre-Raphaelite Wikipedia in 26/32 languages
He was a gifted sculptor, and his Athlete Wrestling with a Python, created between 1888 and 1891, marked a pivotal moment in British sculpture—often credited with initiating a renaissance in contemporary sculptural practice known as the “New Sculpture.” This work, carved from pristine white marble, embodies both physical power and dramatic tension. He was knighted in 1878, made a baronet in 1886, and remarkably, granted a peerage just one day before his passing—a testament to the immense respect he commanded within the art world and beyond.
49of 100
British (English) Born in Rome Pre-Raphaelite, Romanticism, Symbolism Wikipedia in 29/32 languages
His approach was characterized by a meticulous technique that relied upon a deep understanding of symbolism to convey meaning. He often placed strong, sensuous female characters within dreamlike settings, creating an atmosphere that felt both introspective and distant. He was named an Associate of the Royal Academy in 1885, a distinction that preceded his election as a full Academician in 1895.
Where to see The physical presence of Waterhouse's canvases can be found within several major art museums and galleries across the United Kingdom and beyond.
50of 100
French Born in Montpellier Impressionism Wikipedia in 28/32 languages
He frequently combined figure painting with landscape, placing his subjects thoughtfully within their environment, as seen in masterpieces like Family Reunion (1867-1868). He was deeply influenced by Eugène Delacroix, whose vibrant use of color resonated with his own artistic sensibilities, yet he moved beyond academic conventions to embrace a more modern sensibility. The blossoming career of Jean Frédéric Bazille was brutally interrupted by the Franco-Prussian War in 1870.
51of 100
French Born in Paris Barbizon School, Realism Wikipedia in 29/32 languages
Rejecting the idealized and polished representations favored by Romanticism, Rousseau embraced the Barbizon School aesthetic, characterized by muted colors, sketchy brushwork, and a profound focus on atmospheric perspective. His work often featured: Complex textures that mirrored the organic irregularities of the forest floor and tree bark. His dedication to portraying the natural world with uncompromising accuracy helped pave the way for future movements, most notably Impressionism.
52of 100
Swedish Born in Storkyrkoförsamlingen Arts and Crafts movement Wikipedia in 28/32 languages
His work reflects the principles of the Arts and Crafts movement, favoring a sense of handcrafted beauty over the heavy, dark furnishings common in the homes of his contemporaries. His style often blended elements of Art Nouveau with National Romanticism, using flowing lines and organic forms to frame the people within them.
53of 100
Polish Born in Free City of Kraków Romanticism, History painting Wikipedia in 30/32 languages
In the city of Kraków, Poland, the child Jan Matejko entered a world shaped by the quiet rhythms of music and the heavy weight of history. Ann's High School, the rigors of formal schooling proved difficult, and he left the institution in 1851 after struggling with his grades. He was remembered as Poland's most famous painter, a man who earned the title of "national painter" by turning the heavy weight of history into something the people could see and feel.
Where to see To follow the traces of his brush is to travel through the great halls of Europe, where his visions of the past remain held in trust.
54of 100
German-Danish Born in Nolde German Expressionism Wikipedia in 28/32 languages
Born Hans Emil Hansen, he grew up on a farm in the Duchy of Schleswig. His parents were Danish and Frisian peasants, and the rhythms of rural life shaped his early years. He looked toward the work of Paul Gauguin and found a way to move beyond simple representation.
Where to see Tracing his presence in public collections reveals a scattered but significant trail.
55of 100
French Born in Paris Romanticism & Neoclassicism Wikipedia in 26/32 languages
Born in Paris in 1797 into a family where art was woven into the very fabric of daily life, Delaroche was destined for greatness.
Pupil of Antoine-Jean Gros #72 · Teacher of Jean-François Millet #19, Jean-Léon Gérôme #45
56of 100
Belgian Born in Ostend ['Symbolism', 'Expressionism'] Wikipedia in 25/32 languages
James Ensor was born on April 13, 1860, in Ostend, Belgium. His identity was shaped by a specific cultural intersection: his father, James Frederic Ensor, was born in Brussels to English parents, while his mother, Maria Catherina Haegheman, was Belgian.
Where to see Ensor’s presence in major international collections confirms his lasting impact on the development of modernism.
57of 100
British Born in Southampton Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood Wikipedia in 28/32 languages
Following the annulment of her marriage to a prominent critic, Effie Chalmers entered his life, and the two were married in 1855. This union was not merely a private matter but a turning point that coincided with a departure from his earlier, more rigid methods. The ripples of his influence moved through the decades, reaching far beyond the initial stirrings of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.
Where to see In London, the Tate Britain holds ten of his paintings, offering a significant window into the evolution of his hand.
58of 100
French Born in Paris Realism and Impressionism Wikipedia in 26/32 languages
His technique often felt closer to the heavy, grounded depictions of Courbet or Millet than the atmospheric experiments of Monet or Morisot. He prioritized a precise rendering of form and a clear, structured depiction of modern life, avoiding the blurred edges that characterized much of the era's avant-garde output. A first comprehensive international retrospective in 1994–1995 finally solidified this standing, presenting his vision to a global audience on a scale that matched his historical importance.
Where to see The Musée d'Orsay holds a substantial portion of his output, including the large-scale Boating Party and the gritty, realistic The Floor Scrapers.
Pupil of Jean-Léon Gérôme #45
59of 100
Russian Born in Yelabuga Realism, Peredvizhniki Wikipedia in 30/32 languages
After his early schooling, Shishkin moved to the Saint Petersburg Imperial Academy of Arts, where he studied from 1857 to 1860. In 1861, he visited Munich, Germany, to observe the works of established artists.
Where to see To experience the quiet presence of Shishkin’s forests, one can visit several significant collections across Russia.
60of 100
Spanish Born in Valencia Luminism, Impressionism, Social Realism Wikipedia in 27/32 languages
He was a painter who preferred the directness of the outdoors, choosing to paint almost all of his works en plein air. This commitment to working in the open air allowed him to confront the shifting elements head-on. The Return from Fishing; Hauling the Boat (1894).
Where to see For those wishing to walk through the spaces that shaped his life, the Museo Sorolla in Madrid offers a rare glimpse into his private world.
61of 100
French Born in Honfleur Precursor to Impressionism Wikipedia in 26/32 languages
Born on 12 July 1824 in the port town of Honfleur, Normandy, France, Eugène Louis Boudin was a child of the sea. His formal path toward painting became clear when he earned a scholarship in 1850, which allowed him to leave Normandy for Paris. A significant shift in his direction occurred when he met the Dutch painter Johan Jongkind.
Where to see In Paris, the Musée d’Orsay preserves several of his canvases, allowing viewers to stand before the very brushstrokes that once inspired a generation of painters.
62of 100
Anglo-American Born in Bolton Hudson River School Wikipedia in 25/32 languages
His approach often involved placing small figures or solitary structures against moody, expansive natural landscapes. He possessed a keen ability to render the textures of the American wilderness, often using the interplay of light and shadow to create a sense of atmosphere and depth. As the founder of the Hudson River School, he provided the first significant vocabulary for a nation seeking to define itself through its own soil and sky.
Where to see The Museum of Fine Arts in Boston also maintains a collection of his paintings, offering further insight into his development.
Teacher of Frederic Edwin Church #46
63of 100
German-American Born in Solingen Hudson River School, Luminism Wikipedia in 23/32 languages
Bierstadt’s approach to the canvas was shaped by his time in Düsseldorf, where he moved away from the simple crayon sketches of his youth toward a more disciplined, naturalistic style. His later works in the Bahamas showed a shift toward a more expressive use of color, moving away from the controlled Luminist style toward bolder, more brilliant tones. Bierstadt was an important interpreter of the western landscape, providing a way for people to see the scale of the American West.
Where to see His canvases can be found in several collections across different continents.
64of 100
Dutch Born in Dronryp Victorian realism, Classical representation Wikipedia in 26/32 languages
When Lourens was four years old, his father passed away, leaving his mother, Hinke Dirks Brouwer, to raise five children. In 1852, he entered The Royal Academy of Antwerp. Even writers found his imagery useful, incorporating his specific visual details into their descriptions of ancient Rome to ground their stories in a sense of physical reality.
Where to see Finding the traces of his brushwork requires a bit of travel across Europe, as his paintings are held in several significant collections.
65of 100
British Born in Birmingham ['Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood', 'Aestheticism', 'Symbolism', 'Arts and Crafts'] Wikipedia in 27/32 languages
His path led him to an apprenticeship under Dante Gabriel Rossetti, a move that anchored him within the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. His early work often carried the weight of Rossetti’s influence, particularly in the way he handled shadows and the heavy, soulful presence of his figures. Through his partnership with Morris & Co., he helped bring a renewed focus to traditional crafts, moving art away from the canvas and into the textures of daily life.
Where to see To see his hand in person, one might start in Walthamstow at the William Morris Gallery, which holds nine of his works.
66of 100
French Born in Bessines-sur-Gartempe Post-Impressionism Wikipedia in 27/32 languages
For nearly a decade, Valadon worked as an artist’s model, posing for prominent figures like Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, and Edgar Degas. Toulouse-Lautrec, recognizing her innate talent, encouraged her to pursue drawing, and it was Degas who provided more formal guidance, solidifying her foundational skills. In 1894, she became the first woman painter admitted to the prestigious Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts, a significant milestone in breaking down barriers for female artists.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
67of 100
French Born in Paris Modern Sculpture
By the turn of the 20th century, Rodin had achieved international acclaim, becoming arguably the most celebrated sculptor of his time.
68of 100
German Born in Königsberg Expressionism Wikipedia in 28/32 languages
Käthe Kollwitz, born Käthe Schmidt on July 8, 1867, in Königsberg (now Kaliningrad, Russia), emerged from a family deeply rooted in both intellectual ferment and social conscience. She continued her studies in Berlin and Munich, immersing herself in the artistic currents of the late 19th century, but always returning to the human condition as her central subject. In 1919, she achieved a historic milestone by becoming the first woman elected to the Prussian Academy of Arts—a testament to her artistic achievements and growing influence.
69of 100
Swiss Born in Bern Symbolism, Parallelism, Realism Wikipedia in 26/32 languages
Born in Bern, Switzerland, in 1853, Ferdinand Hodler’s early years were defined by a quiet, persistent grief. His move to Geneva in 1871 marked a departure from the commercial demands of his youth. In works such as The Night, completed in 1890, he explored themes of repose and mortality through recumbent figures, a subject that challenged the prevailing tastes of the time.
70of 100
British Born in London Pre-Raphaelitism Wikipedia in 28/32 languages
William Holman Hunt, born in Cheapside, London on April 2, 1827, was more than simply a painter; he was a philosophical and spiritual seeker who translated his deepest convictions onto canvas. He passed away on September 7, 1910, and was honored with burial in St Paul’s Cathedral—a testament to his significant contribution to British art and culture.
71of 100
British Born in Walthamstow Arts & Crafts
While Morris & Co. encompassed a wide range of decorative arts—furniture, stained glass, carpets—he is perhaps most celebrated for his textile designs.
72of 100
French Born in Paris Neoclassicism & Romanticism Wikipedia in 26/32 languages
The influence of Venetian masters like Titian and Veronese, with their rich color palettes and dynamic compositions, became increasingly apparent. His portraits, such as Equestrian Portrait of Prince Boris Yusupov, demonstrate a remarkable ability to capture both physical likeness and psychological depth. Following Napoleon’s downfall, Gros faced a period of artistic uncertainty.
73of 100
French Born in Cuiseaux Les Nabis, Intimism Wikipedia in 23/32 languages
Jean-Édouard Vuillard was born on 11 November 1868 in Cuiseaux, France. He faced setbacks when he failed to enter the École des Beaux-Arts in both 1886 and 1887. His tenure as a prominent member of the Nabis, a group of post-impressionist artists, allowed him to experiment with a visual language that prioritized subjective experience over mere imitation.
Where to see The quiet, patterned interiors that defined his career are preserved in several major international collections.
Pupil of Jean-Léon Gérôme #45
74of 100
German Born in Wrocław Realism Wikipedia in 24/32 languages
While largely self-taught, Menzel was not immune to artistic influences. However, he forged a distinctly German path, rejecting the overt romanticism prevalent in some contemporary circles in favor of a more objective, analytical approach. He admired the Dutch Masters —their mastery of light and shadow, their ability to elevate everyday life to artful significance—and elements of this influence can be seen in his compositions and use of color.
75of 100
French Born in Banyuls-sur-Mer Classical sculpture, Symbolism Wikipedia in 26/32 languages
His deliberate rejection of Rodin’s dramatic realism and his embrace of classical principles paved the way for a new generation of sculptors, including Henry Moore, who were inspired by his emphasis on simplified forms and monumental scale.
Pupil of Jean-Léon Gérôme #45, Alexandre Cabanel #95
76of 100
Born in Copenhagen Wikipedia in 29/32 languages
Rome proved to be the ideal environment for Thorvaldsen’s artistic development. He immersed himself in the study of classical antiquity, meticulously copying ancient sculptures and absorbing their principles of form and proportion. However, he gradually moved away from Canova’s more flamboyant style towards a greater emphasis on simplicity and restraint.
77of 100
American Born in Philadelphia Realism Wikipedia in 24/32 languages
Born in Philadelphia, Thomas Eakins was shaped by a household defined by precision. In 1866, he left Philadelphia for Paris to further his studies. The house he occupied in North Philadelphia, a structure that witnessed his lifelong devotion to his craft, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965.
Where to see The physical presence of Eakins's vision remains scattered across several major institutions, primarily concentrated in the American Northeast.
Pupil of Jean-Léon Gérôme #45
78of 100
French Born in Paris Barbizon School, Impressionism precursor Wikipedia in 28/32 languages
He studied under Jean-Victor Bertin, Jacques Raymond Brascassat, and Paul Delaroche. In 1835, a small scholarship allowed him to leave Paris for Italy. This commitment to observing the world as it appeared, rather than how it was traditionally taught, helped establish the Barbizon School.
Where to see Walking through the Musée d'Orsay in Paris, one finds much of his output.
79of 100
French Born in Grenoble Realism and Symbolism Wikipedia in 25/32 languages
This meticulousness was not limited to his portraits; it defined his entire visual language, whether he was working in oil-on-canvas, watercolor, or through the fine lines of engraving and lithography. He drew inspiration from the austere compositions of 17th-century Dutch flower paintings and the flattened perspectives found in Japanese prints.
Where to see His presence is felt in the quiet halls of the Musée d'Orsay in Paris, where his canvases reside among the great shifts of nineteenth-century art.
80of 100
French Born in Lyon Symbolism Wikipedia in 24/32 languages
Pierre Cécile Puvis de Chavannes, a name often simply rendered as Puvis de Chavannes, occupies a unique and pivotal position in 19th-century French art. His influence on subsequent artists, particularly those aligned with Symbolism and Art Nouveau, is undeniable, and his collaborative spirit extended to working alongside medallists, offering designs and insightful suggestions. The monumental murals at the Panthéon in Paris, illustrating the life of St.
81of 100
French Born in Bordeaux Realism, Animalière Wikipedia in 24/32 languages
She eschewed sentimentality, opting instead for a scientific approach to her subjects. Her paintings are characterized by their anatomical accuracy, dynamic compositions, and an ability to capture the unique personality of each creature. Beyond her artistic contributions, Bonheur's life story serves as a powerful example of female empowerment and artistic independence.
82of 100
German Born in Wolgast Romanticism Wikipedia in 23/32 languages
His formal training began later than most, initially through a commercial apprenticeship in Hamburg at his brother Daniel’s firm. This marked the true beginning of Runge's journey toward becoming one of Germany’s most innovative and spiritually driven artists. His exploration of color theory influenced generations of artists, including those associated with the Bauhaus movement.
83of 100
French Born in Senlis Romanticism & Realism Wikipedia in 23/32 languages
This painting wasn't merely a historical depiction; it was a scathing social commentary, inspired by the satirical writings of Juvenal, portraying the moral decay and opulent excess within Roman society. Born in 1815 in Senlis, France, Thomas Couture emerged as a pivotal figure bridging Romanticism and Realism —a painter who dared to challenge academic convention while simultaneously mastering its techniques.
Pupil of Antoine-Jean Gros #72, Paul Delaroche #55 · Teacher of Édouard Manet #8, Henri Fantin-Latour #79, Pierre Puvis de Chavannes #80
84of 100
French Born in Valenciennes Naturalism, Realism Wikipedia in 22/32 languages
Immersed in the masterpieces of Michelangelo, Donatello, and Verrocchio, he absorbed their mastery of anatomy, composition, and emotional intensity. However, rather than simply imitating these Renaissance giants, Carpeaux began to forge his own path, rejecting the rigid formality that characterized much of Neoclassical sculpture. Despite facing financial difficulties and health challenges in later life, Carpeaux continued to create until his untimely death in 1875.
85of 100
German Born in Leipzig Symbolism Wikipedia in 22/32 languages
The artist’s exploration of dreamlike states and subconscious desires anticipated the work of later Surrealists like Salvador Dalí and René Magritte.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
86of 100
British Born in Calais Pre-Raphaelite Wikipedia in 22/32 languages
Though never formally a member of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, Ford Madox Brown exerted a significant influence on its development and shared many of its core tenets. Work, begun in 1852 and painstakingly completed over thirteen years, stands as perhaps his most ambitious and iconic achievement. Beyond his easel paintings, Ford Madox Brown’s artistic legacy is indelibly linked to the Manchester Murals.
87of 100
Japanese Born in Edo Ukiyo-e Wikipedia in 15/32 languages
He was a pioneer in using new printmaking techniques, constantly seeking ways to achieve finer details and more intense colors. This fusion allowed him to create complex compositions that felt both grounded in history and strikingly modern. He lived through a time when the old social structures were dissolving and Western influences were beginning to reshape Japanese life.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
88of 100
Dutch Born in Lattrop Impressionism forerunner Wikipedia in 19/32 languages
Jongkind entered the studios of Eugène Isabey and François-Édouard Picot, immersing himself in the French art scene. He quickly gained recognition, exhibiting at the Salon as early as 1848, earning praise from influential critics like Charles Baudelaire and Émile Zola. His work can be found in prominent museums such as the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam and the Musée d'Orsay in Paris, testaments to his enduring artistic merit.
89of 100
Indian Born in Kilimanoor Academic & Indian fusion Wikipedia in 22/32 languages
He wasn’t merely a painter; he was a cultural bridge, skillfully blending European academic techniques with the rich tapestry of Indian mythology and aesthetics. From an early age, Ravi Varma displayed a remarkable aptitude for art, nurtured by his uncle Raja Raja Varma, who initiated him into the world of drawing and painting, primarily within the Tanjore School tradition. Museums like The Raja Ravi Varma Heritage Foundation in Bangalore and The Ganesh Shivaswamy Foundation continue to preserve and celebrate his art, ensuring that his vision endures for future generations.
90of 100
German Born in Lübeck Nazarene, Romanticism Wikipedia in 21/32 languages
Rome provided fertile ground for Overbeck and his fellow artists – including Peter von Cornelius, Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow, and Philipp Veit – to establish a communal living and working space in the old Franciscan convent of San Isidoro. Francis" created for the Porziuncola in the Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli near Assisi (1830) that truly exemplified Overbeck’s commitment to depicting religious themes with reverence and clarity.
91of 100
Born in rue Saint-Honoré Wikipedia in 31/32 languages
Portraiture: Photographed numerous prominent figures including Victor Hugo, Charles Baudelaire, Sarah Bernhardt, and Gustave Courbet.
92of 100
Born in Lopyal Wikipedia in 29/32 languages
Early works reflected realist tendencies, influenced by the Peredvizhniki (Wanderers) movement, focusing on scenes of peasant life. A pivotal shift occurred when Vasnetsov became captivated by Russian folklore, mythology, and historical epics – byliny.
93of 100
Swedish Born in Mora Parish Impressionism Wikipedia in 28/32 languages
His time spent with artists like Albert Edelfelt in Paris exposed him to new ideas and techniques, but he always remained true to his own artistic instincts. His paintings from this period, such as “A Fisherman in St Ives,” demonstrate a newfound confidence and mastery of the medium. While Zorn’s style is often categorized as Impressionistic, it was far from a simple imitation of French trends.
94of 100
Prussian Born in Neuruppin Neoclassical, Gothic Revival Wikipedia in 30/32 languages
Karl Friedrich Schinkel, born in Neuruppin, Germany, in 1781, occupies a singular position within the annals of 19th-century art and architecture. The devastating fire that ravaged Neuruppin in 1787, tragically claiming his father’s life while Schinkel was still a young boy, cast a long shadow over his formative years. He received early mentorship under Friedrich Gilly and his father David Gilly, both influential architects in Berlin, absorbing their classical principles while simultaneously encountering more experimental ideas – a crucial blend that shaped his developing aesthetic sensibilities.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
95of 100
French Born in Montpellier Academic realism Wikipedia in 26/32 languages
Alexandre Cabanel was born on September 28, 1823, in Montpellier, France. In 1839, a scholarship allowed him to move to Paris to continue his education.
Where to see To find the heart of Cabanel’s legacy, one often begins in Montpellier, France.
96of 100
Italian Born in Venice Italian Romanticism Wikipedia in 27/32 languages
He spent time studying the use of colour in classes held by Lattanzio Querena, a painter from Bergamo. This victory granted him a year of study at the Accademia di San Luca in Rome, a period that would fundamentally alter the course of his development.
Where to see To walk through the halls of Milan is to encounter the spirit of Hayez in many forms.
97of 100
French Born in Paris Romanticism Wikipedia in 17/32 languages
It was infused with the emotional fervor characteristic of the Romantic movement. But it was with sculptures such as "Tiger Devouring a Gavial Crocodile" (1831) – a monumental plaster that caused a sensation at the Salon – and “Lion Crushing a Serpent” (1832), cast in bronze, that Barye truly established his signature style. Antoine-Louis Barye, born in Paris on September 24, 1795, emerged as a pivotal figure in the world of 19th-century sculpture.
98of 100
Finnish Born in Pori National Romanticism Wikipedia in 26/32 languages
A pivotal moment came with his journey to Kenya in 1909-1910, where he encountered a different culture and landscape that profoundly impacted his artistic vision. Even during periods of political turmoil, such as the Finnish Civil War in 1917-1918, Gallen-Kallela remained actively engaged, designing uniforms and decorations for the newly independent Finnish army. National Romanticism: Gallen-Kallela is considered a central figure in Finnish National Romanticism, an artistic movement that sought to celebrate Finland’s unique culture and identity.
99of 100
Georgian Born in Mirzaani Primitivism, Naive art Wikipedia in 27/32 languages
Rather than seeking the polished finish of traditional canvas, he often turned to black oilcloth or black waxed cloth to receive his pigments. This choice of surface dictated a specific visual language, one where simplified forms and bold colors emerged from the dark background. Even the great Pablo Picasso was deeply impressed by the energy found within his compositions.
100of 100
Italian Born in Livorno Macchiaioli, plein air Wikipedia in 17/32 languages
After 1880, Fattori found himself increasingly drawn to the Maremma region, a wild and untamed landscape south of Florence. He also dedicated considerable energy to etching after 1884, demonstrating his versatility as an artist and exploring new avenues for expressing his artistic vision. Perhaps most importantly, Fattori’s depictions of Italian life—particularly during the Risorgimento—helped to forge a sense of national identity through art.
Signature works
A timeline
Figures
| France | 47 |
|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 9 |
| Germany | 6 |
| United States | 5 |
| Italy | 4 |
| Netherlands | 3 |
| Russia | 3 |
| Sweden | 3 |
| 1770s | 6 |
|---|---|
| 1780s | 3 |
| 1790s | 7 |
| 1800s | 2 |
| 1810s | 8 |
| 1820s | 16 |
| 1830s | 17 |
| 1840s | 15 |
| 1850s | 6 |
| 1860s | 20 |
| Musée d'Orsay | 22 |
|---|---|
| Metropolitan Museum of Art | 13 |
| The Louvre | 7 |
| Museum of Fine Arts | 6 |
| National Gallery | 5 |
| MOMA - Museum of Modern Art | 5 |
| Art Institute of Chicago | 4 |
| Van Gogh Museum | 3 |
Every name
Vincent van Gogh1853–1890Claude MonetFrench · 1840–1926Paul CézanneFrench · 1839–1906Henri MatisseFrench · 1869–1954Wassily KandinskyRussian · 1866–1944Edvard MunchNorwegian · 1863–1944Paul GauguinFrench · 1848–1903Édouard ManetFrench · 1832–1883Gustav KlimtAustrian · 1862–1918Eugène Delacroix1798–1863Gustave CourbetFrench · 1819–1877J. M. W. TurnerBritish · 1775–1851Caspar David FriedrichGerman · 1774–1840Edgar DegasFrench · 1834–1917Pierre-Auguste RenoirFrench · 1841–1919Jean-Auguste-Dominique IngresFrench · 1780–1867Georges SeuratFrench · 1859–1891Théodore GéricaultFrench · 1791–1824Jean-François MilletFrench · 1814–1875Hilma af KlintSwedish · 1862–1944Jean-Baptiste-Camille CorotFrench · 1796–1875James McNeill WhistlerAmerican · 1834–1903Berthe MorisotFrench · 1841–1895John ConstableBritish · 1776–1837Winslow HomerAmerican · 1836–1910Alphonse MuchaCzech · 1860–1939Henri De Toulouse-LautrecFrench · 1864–1901William-Adolphe BouguereauFrench · 1825–1905Dante Gabriel RossettiEnglish · 1828–1882Camille PissarroDanish-French · 1830–1903Ilya RepinUkrainian-born Russian · 1844–1930Henri Rousseau1844–1910Alfred SisleyBritish · 1839–1899Gustave DoréFrench · 1832–1883John Singer SargentAmerican · 1856–1925Gustave MoreauFrench · 1826–1898Honoré DaumierFrench · 1808–1879Paul SignacFrench · 1863–1935Ivan AivazovskyRussian · 1817–1900Utagawa HiroshigeJapanese · 1797–1858Pierre BonnardFrench · 1867–1947Odilon Redon1840–1916Arnold BöcklinSwiss · 1827–1901Mary CassattAmerican · 1844–1926Jean-Léon GérômeFrench · 1824–1904Frederic Edwin ChurchAmerican · 1826–1900Émile Bernard1868–1941Frederic LeightonBritish · 1830–1896John William WaterhouseBritish (English) · 1849–1917Frédéric BazilleFrench · 1841–1870Théodore RousseauFrench · 1812–1867Carl LarssonSwedish · 1853–1919Jan MatejkoPolish · 1838–1893Emil NoldeGerman-Danish · 1867–1956Paul DelarocheFrench · 1797–1856James EnsorBelgian · 1860–1949John Everett MillaisBritish · 1829–1896Gustave CaillebotteFrench · 1848–1894Ivan ShishkinRussian · 1831–1898Joaquín SorollaSpanish · 1863–1923Eugène Louis BoudinFrench · 1824–1898Thomas ColeAnglo-American · 1801–1848Albert BierstadtGerman-American · 1830–1902Lawrence Alma-TademaDutch · 1836–1912Edward Burne-JonesBritish · 1833–1898Suzanne ValadonFrench · 1865–1938Auguste RodinFrench · 1840–1917Käthe KollwitzGerman · 1867–1945Ferdinand HodlerSwiss · 1853–1918William Holman HuntBritish · 1827–1910William MorrisBritish · 1834–1896Antoine-Jean GrosFrench · 1771–1835Édouard VuillardFrench · 1868–1940Adolph von MenzelGerman · 1815–1905Aristide MaillolFrench · 1861–1944Bertel Thorvaldsen1770–1844Thomas EakinsAmerican · 1844–1916Charles-François DaubignyFrench · 1817–1878Henri Fantin-LatourFrench · 1836–1904Pierre Puvis de ChavannesFrench · 1824–1898Rosa BonheurFrench · 1822–1899Philipp Otto RungeGerman · 1777–1810Thomas CoutureFrench · 1815–1879Jean-Baptiste CarpeauxFrench · 1827–1875Max KlingerGerman · 1857–1920Ford Madox BrownBritish · 1821–1893YoshitoshiJapanese · 1839–1892Johan JongkindDutch · 1819–1891Raja Ravi VarmaIndian · 1848–1906Johann Friedrich OverbeckGerman · 1789–1869Nadar1820–1910Viktor Vasnetsov1848–1926Anders ZornSwedish · 1860–1920Karl Friedrich SchinkelPrussian · 1781–1841Alexandre CabanelFrench · 1823–1889Francesco HayezItalian · 1791–1882Antoine-Louis BaryeFrench · 1795–1875Akseli Gallen-KallelaFinnish · 1865–1931Niko PirosmaniGeorgian · 1862–1918Giovanni FattoriItalian · 1825–1908Questions
First place goes to Vincent van Gogh (#1); Claude Monet (#2) and Paul Cézanne (#3) complete the podium.
Vincent van Gogh (#1), Claude Monet (#2), Paul Cézanne (#3), Henri Matisse (#4) and Wassily Kandinsky (#5).
The earliest-born painter in this list is Bertel Thorvaldsen (#76), born in 1770.
Most painters in this list were born in the 1860s (20 of 100), between 1770 and 1869 overall.
France: 47 of the 100 painters in this list were born there, then United Kingdom (9) and Germany (6).
“The somber, earthy colors of his time in the Netherlands gave way to a new way of seeing the world through light and brushwork.” — from our biography of Vincent van Gogh (#1).
This list includes 6 women: Hilma af Klint (#20), Berthe Morisot (#23), Mary Cassatt (#44), Suzanne Valadon (#66), Käthe Kollwitz (#68) and Rosa Bonheur (#81).
Paris: 13 of the painters in this list were born there.
The highest-ranked painters born in France are Claude Monet (#2), Paul Cézanne (#3), Henri Matisse (#4), Paul Gauguin (#7) and Édouard Manet (#8).
The highest-ranked painters born in the United Kingdom are J. M. W. Turner (#12), John Constable (#24), Dante Gabriel Rossetti (#29), Frederic Leighton (#48) and John Everett Millais (#57).
The museums holding the most key works of this list are Musée d'Orsay (22), Metropolitan Museum of Art (13) and The Louvre (7).
Our catalogue holds 55,299 works by these painters.
Read
Other movements
Famous Baroque artistsNight Watch · Rembrandt
Famous Contemporary Realist artistsAbstract Painting 780-1 · Gerhard Richter
Famous Impressionist artistsStarry Night (New York, MoMA) · Vincent van Gogh
Famous Romanticist artistsSaturn Devouring His Son · Francisco Goya
Famous Neoclassicist artistsThe Death of Marat · Jacques-Louis David
Famous Realist artistsThe origin of the world · Gustave Courbet
Famous Dutch Golden Age artistsThe Girl with a Pearl Earring · Johannes Vermeer
Famous Renaissance artistsMona Lisa (La Gioconda) · Leonardo da Vinci
Famous Expressionist artistsComposition VII · Wassily Kandinsky
Famous Rococo artistsThe Embarkation for Cythera · Jean-Antoine WatteauOther periods
Famous Early Medieval artistsSnowy River · Wang Wei
Famous High Medieval artistsMadonna in Maest (Ognissanti Madonna) · Giotto
Famous Late Medieval artistsThe Annunciation and Two Saints · Simone Martini
Famous Renaissance artistsThe Creation of Adam · Michelangelo
Famous Early Modern artistsThe Calling of Saint Matthew · Caravaggio
Famous Modern artistsGuernica · Pablo Picasso
Famous Contemporary artistsWind Sculpture III (one in a series of nine) · Yinka ShonibareFamous paintings
Famous Baroque paintingsLas Meninas · Diego Velázquez
Famous Impressionism paintingsWater Lilies · Claude Monet
Famous Romanticism paintingsLiberty Leading the People · Eugène Delacroix
Famous Realism paintingsNighthawks · Edward Hopper
Famous Expressionism paintingsThe Scream · Edvard MunchFamous Post-Impressionism paintingsStarry Night · Vincent van Gogh
Famous Neoclassicism paintingsNapoleon at the St. Bernard Pass · Jacques-Louis DavidFamous Dutch Golden Age paintingsThe Girl with a Pearl Earring · Johannes Vermeer
Famous Surrealism paintingsThe Persistence of Memory · Salvador Dalí
Famous Rococo paintingsThe Swing · Jean-Honoré FragonardFamous Renaissance paintingsMona Lisa · Leonardo da Vinci
Famous Symbolism paintingsThe Wounded Angel · Hugo SimbergDiscover more
