Late Medieval, one artist at a time
Simone Martini (1284–1344) is the most famous Late Medieval artist, whose singular vision gave us De Aankondiging met Sint Margaretha en Sint Ansanus and St Clare and St Elizabeth of Hungary. Next stand Andrej Roebljov, Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Pietro Lorenzetti and Hubert Van Eyck. These 99 artists, from Yuan Dynasty (born 1271) to Hubert Van Eyck (born 1366), came from 20 countries.
Our selection. Artists whose works our catalogue attaches to Late Medieval, in the order of our fame ranking. Artists born after 1955 with no Wikidata identifier stay out until verified. The Wikipedia figure counts our 32 languages with an article on the artist.
In brief
One artist at a time
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Italiaans Born in Siena Internationale Gotiek Wikipedia in 28/32 languages
In 1319 voltooide hij het Polyptiek van de Heilige Catharina van Alexandrië Polyptych in Pisa. Saint Louis of Toulouse Crowning His Brother Robert of Anjou, 1317. Saint Louis of Toulouse Crowning His Brother Robert of Anjou, 1317.
Teacher of Lippo Memmi #10
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Russisch Born in Grootvorstendom Moskou Russische iconenschilderkunst Wikipedia in 31/32 languages
Andrei Rublev (ca. 1360 – ca. 1430) blijft een van de meest raadselachtige en diepgaand invloedrijke figuren in de geschiedenis van de Russische kunst. In 1405 sloot hij zijn krachten met Theofanes en Prokhor van Gorodets om de Verkondigingskathedraal te decoreren, een cruciaat moment in de Russische iconenschilderkunst. De Drie-eenheid-icoon: Wellicht zijn meest gevierde werk, de “Drie-eenheid”-icoon (ca. 1420-1428), is een getuigenis van zijn artistiek genie.
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Italiaans Born in Siena Siënese School Wikipedia in 29/32 languages
Hoewel hij periodes lang werd overschaduwd door tijdgenoten zoals Duccio en Simone Martini, en vaak samen met zijn broer, de schilder Pietro Lorenzetti, besproken werd, creëerde Ambrogio een uniek pad, gekenmerkt door een innovatieve geest en een diepe betrokkenheid bij de wereld om hem heen. Zijn fresco’s in het Palazzo Pubblico staan als meesterwerken van vroege Renaissance seculiere schilderkunst, wat een groeiende nadruk weerspiegelt op burgerleven en de verantwoordelijkheden van leiderschap.
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Italiaans Born in Siena Vroege Renaissance Wikipedia in 27/32 languages
Pietro Lorenzetti (ca. 1280 – 1348) staat te boek als een cruciale figuur in de Sienese kunst, een meester die de diepgaande overgang markeerde van het Gotische formalisme naar de opkomende humanistische idealen van de vroege Renaissance. Geboren in het levendige culturele landschap van Siena rond 1280, ontvouwde de artistieke reis van Lorenzetti zich te midden van een periode van ingrijpende intellectuele en artistieke transformatie in Toscane.
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Nederlands Born in Maaseik Vroeg-Nederlands Wikipedia in 20/32 languages
In het hart van deze transformatie stond Hubert van Eyck, een figuur wiens naam diep gegrift staat in het fundament van de Noordelijke Renaissance.
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Italiaans Born in Florence Vroege Renaissance Wikipedia in 23/32 languages
Als een van de meest vooraanstaande leerlingen van de legendarische Giotto di Bondone, erfde Gaddi niet louter een stijl; hij breidde het visuele vocabulaire van zijn tijd uit.
Teacher of Agnolo Gaddi #7, Jacopo Del Casentino (Jacopo Landino) #51
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Italian Born in Florence Gothic, Early Renaissance Wikipedia in 20/32 languages
The monumental figures, the emotional resonance, and the narrative clarity that characterized Giotto’s frescoes are all present in Agnolo’s initial paintings. Where Giotto often favored robust simplicity, Gaddi embraced a more refined elegance, incorporating intricate details and a heightened sense of decorative flourish. Consider his early frescoes at San Jacopo tra i Fossi – “The Resurrection of Lazarus” – where Gaddi captures Giotto’s expressive pathos while simultaneously elevating the composition with meticulous attention to textural detail.
Pupil of Taddeo Gaddi #6
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Grieks Born in Constantinopel Byzantijnse iconografie Wikipedia in 22/32 languages
Geboren in Constantinopel rond 1340, hoewel vaak geassocieerd met Griekenland vanwege zijn latere activiteiten, was Theophanes een sleutelfiguur die de laatste bloei van de Byzantijnse kunst verbond met de opkomende tradities van Rusland. Rond 1395 arriveerde hij in Novgorod, een machtige stadstaat binnen Rusland, samen met Andrei Rublev, een andere iconische figuur van de Russisch-orthodoxe kunst.
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Italiaans Born in Venetië Byzantijnse invloed & Gotische kunst Wikipedia in 15/32 languages
Paolo Veneziano (ca. 1333 – 1358) staat als een monumentale figuur in de geschiedenis van de Venetiaanse kunst, universeel erkend als de belangrijkste Venetiaanse schilder van de veertiende eeuw. Geboren in een artistieke bloedlijn binnen het hart van Venetië—zijn vader was zelf een gerenomerd kunstenaar—viel de korte maar briljante carrière van Veneziano samen met een transformerende periode in de Europese schilderkunst.
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Italiaan Born in Siena Internationaal Gotiek Wikipedia in 17/32 languages
Lippo Memmi, geboren rond 1291 in het hart van Siena, Italië, staat als een sleutelfiguur in de overgang van de Byzantijns gewortelde tradities van middeleeuwse schilderkunst naar de opkomende elegantie van de Internationale Gotiek. Ansanus (1333), gemaakt in samenwerking met Simone Martini voor de Uffizi Galerie.
Pupil of Simone Martini #1
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Italiaans Born in Zevio Gotische kunst Wikipedia in 20/32 languages
Altichiero Da Zevio, geboren nabij het rustige stadje Zevio in Verona rond 1330, was niet louter een kroniekschrijver van heilige gebeurtenissen, maar een pionier van de Venetiaanse gotische stijl. De evolutie van de kunst van Altichiero Da Zevio is het best te begrijpen door zijn monumentale bijdragen aan het burgerlijke en religieuze landschap van Verona en Padua.
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Italiaans Born in Arezzo Schakel tussen de school van Giotto en de Sienese School Wikipedia in 16/32 languages
Geboren in een familie van Florentijnse goudsmeden, was zijn ware naam Spinello Di Luca Spinelli, maar hij werd door de geschiedenis bekend onder de bijnaam "Aretino", wat duidt op zijn verbondenheid met Arezzo.
Pupil of Jacopo Del Casentino (Jacopo Landino) #51 · Teacher of Lorenzo di Bicci #32
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Italiaans Born in Florence Vroege Renaissance Wikipedia in 17/32 languages
Bernardo Daddi, geboren in Florence rond 1290 en overleden in 1348, staat als een spilfiguur in de overgang van de late Gotiek naar de ontluikende Italiaanse Renaissance. De Uffizi Gallery in Florence herbergt een belangrijk triptiek uit 1328, dat een boeiend kijkje biedt in zijn compositietechnieken en verhalende kracht. Eveneord merkwaardig is het “Martyrium van de Heilige Stefanus” in de Pinacoteca Vaticana—een predella bestaande uit acht panelen, geschilderd rond 1345.
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Italiaans Born in Pontecorvo Gotiek
Het werk van Andrea Pisano vormt een cruciale brug tussen de Byzantijnse kunst en de opkomende renaissance-beweging.
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Italian Born in Florence Early Renaissance
Niccolò di Tommaso's art is characterized by a compelling synthesis of influences. The foundational solidity inherited from Maso di Banco provided a structural framework for his compositions, while the collaborative experience with Nardo di Cione instilled a refined sense of color and narrative clarity. The Madonna del Parto within the church of San Lorenzo, Florence, further exemplifies his sensitivity to maternal tenderness and spiritual devotion.
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Chinees Born in Wuxi Vier Meesters van de Yuan-dynastie Wikipedia in 15/32 languages
Zijn voornaam was Yuan Zhen (元鎮), en hij hanteerde diverse kunstnamen, waaronder Yun Lin Zi (雲林子), Huan Xia Sheng (幻霞生), en Jing Man Min (荊蠻民). Ni Zan wordt beschouwd als een van de vier meesters van de Yuan-dynastie, samen met Huang Gongwang, Wu Zhen, en Wang Meng.
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Italian Born in Florence Gothic-Late Gothic
Orcagna achieved unparalleled fame through The Triumph of Death, a monumental undertaking commissioned for Siena Cathedral between 1365 and 1370.
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Italian Born in Florence Gothic-Late Gothic Wikipedia in 20/32 languages
However, Orcagna’s artistic trajectory quickly diverged from his master's, developing a distinctly Florentine style characterized by dramatic figures, vibrant colors, and an innovative approach to composition. He was formally admitted into the painter’s guild in 1343-44 and later joined the stonemasons’ guild in 1352, demonstrating his versatility and ambition across multiple artistic disciplines. His work served as an inspiration to many of Florence’s leading painters, including Jacopo di Cione, his brother, who continued Orcagna's artistic legacy after his death in 1368.
Pupil of Andrea Pisano #14
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Italiaans Born in Como Proto-Renaissance
Geboren als Giovanni di Jacopo di Guido da Caversaccio in Lombardije rond 1346, ontvouwde zijn artistieke reis voornamelijk binnen het bruisende culturele landschap van Florence tijdens een tijd van immense verandering en innovatie.
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Italian Born in Siena Gothic Art Wikipedia in 14/32 languages
Through the dramatic shadows of his frescoes and the haunting beauty of his Madonna with Child, Barna da Siena remains an eternal presence in the canon of Italian masters, a name that continues to echo through the corridors of art history, inviting us to rediscover the soul of the Middle Ages.
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Chinese Born in Huzhou Yuan Dynasty Landscape Painting Wikipedia in 14/32 languages
His brushstrokes—often described as “ropy” or “layered”—were meticulously applied in thick, overlapping patterns, creating a palpable sense of texture and movement. Wang Meng’s compositions are often densely populated with elements—trees, rocks, mountains, streams—creating an immersive experience for the viewer. Notably, "Ge Zhichuan Relocating" sold for an astonishing $62.1 million at auction in 2011, a testament to its artistic merit and historical significance.
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Spanish Born in Palma de Mallorca Nautical cartography
Majorcan Cartographic School: Cresques was a leading member of the Majorcan cartographic school, which flourished during the 14th century.
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French Medieval Art, Religious Paintings
His tapestries, particularly the famed “Seven Seals” cycle now housed in the Saint-Nicolas du Chardonnet church in Paris, offer a window into a world grappling with anxieties about mortality, divine judgment, and the impending end times – a perspective rarely found in contemporary art. The depiction of Babylon’s destruction reflects the prevailing fears about political instability and social decay in 14th-century France.
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Italiaans Born in Venetië Byzantijnse kunst Wikipedia in 11/32 languages
Het jaar 1336 resoneert diep in het artistieke landschap van Italië, onlosmakelijk verbonden met een figuur gehuld in intrigerende mysterie – de Meester van 1336. Nauwkeuriger bekend als Giovanni Lipini, biedt de naam van deze kunstenaar, afgeleid van een miraculeuze fresco van de Maagd Maria in Santa Maria delle Grazie in Pistoia, een verleidelijk voorproefje van zijn oorsprong en blijvende invloed.
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Italian Trecento
However, unlike Duccio’s often exuberant and emotionally charged compositions, Segna’s paintings possess a more restrained elegance, characterized by a sense of solemnity and a focus on formal clarity. It’s believed that Segna spent time in Florence during this period, absorbing influences from the burgeoning Florentine school, which was beginning to experiment with linear perspective and naturalistic representation.
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Italian Born in Colle di Val d'Elsa Late Gothic Wikipedia in 18/32 languages
While many painters of his era are remembered only by the fragments of their altarpieces, Cennino Cennini achieved immortality through the written word.
Pupil of Agnolo Gaddi #7
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Italiaans Born in Siena Sienese schilderkunst Wikipedia in 13/32 languages
Ugolino di Nerio, een naam die grotendeels ontbreekt in de mainstream kunsthistorische verhalen, staat als een spilfiguur in het opkomende artistieke landschap van Siena en Florence tijdens de jaren 1320. Geboren rond 1280 binnen een familie van schilders – zijn vader Guido, en zijn broers/zussen Muccio en Ugolino – kwam hij naar voren als een onafhankelijk meester.
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Italian Born in Siena Early Renaissance Wikipedia in 13/32 languages
His compositions often feature: Luminous Pigments: A palette rich in ultramarine, vermilion, and gold leaf that reflects the divine splendor of his subjects. Architectural Precision: The use of structured backgrounds to ground holy figures within a tangible, albeit idealized, reality. The historical significance of Taddeo di Bartolo lies in his role as a custodian of Sienese identity during a period of immense change.
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Italian Born in Florence Early Quattrocento
Despite the paucity of surviving paintings attributed to Lippo di Benivieni, his influence is palpable in several significant frescoes adorning churches throughout Siena and San Gimignano. Madonna and Child Panel Painting: A monochrome panel depicting Mary holding the infant Jesus exemplifies Lippo’s mastery of technique—particularly his ability to achieve remarkable tonal gradation using tempera on wood. Furthermore, his work serves as an exemplar of early Quattrocento painting—a transitional phase between Gothic formalism and Renaissance naturalism —demonstrating Lippo’s willingness to embrace new stylistic approaches while retaining core aesthetic principles.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Chinese Landscape painting
Like Wang Meng, Zhao Yuan embraced a dense, complex compositional structure characterized by layered mountains, gnarled trees, and meticulously rendered details. Beyond Wang Meng, echoes of earlier masters like Fan Kuan (c. 937-1020), renowned for his monumental landscapes and powerful brushwork, can also be detected in Zhao Yuan’s treatment of rock formations and atmospheric effects. His most significant debt is undoubtedly to Wang Meng (1308-1383), one of the last great masters of the Yuan dynasty.
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Italian Born in Siena Sienese School Wikipedia in 12/32 languages
Working alongside luminaries such as Luca di Tommè, he contributed to significant communal works, including an altarpiece for the shoemaker's guild in the cathedral of Siena, marking his first documented presence in the annals of art history.
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Italian Florentine School
He eschewed the heavy, dark backgrounds favored by many of his contemporaries, opting instead for lighter, more airy compositions that allowed figures to emerge with clarity and grace. He skillfully employed perspective, though not with the mathematically precise rigor of later Renaissance artists, creating a sense of depth and spatial awareness through subtle variations in scale and detail. His successors, Bicci di Lorenzo and Neri di Bicci, continued to serve these groups, carrying forward his artistic legacy.
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Belgian Born in Ypres Early Netherlandish Painting Wikipedia in 15/32 languages
His influence can be traced through the lineage of the great Netherlandish painters, acting as a vital precursor to the technical perfection achieved by Jan van Eyck. The court at Dijon was a crucible of talent, attracting the finest goldsmiths, sculptors, and painters of Europe, and within this vibrant atmosphere, Broederlam refined a style that was both regal and deeply spiritual.
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Italiaans Born in Florence Florentijnse School Wikipedia in 8/32 languages
Lorenzo di Bicci, geboren rond 1373 in Florence, staat als een centrale figuur binnen de opkomende Florentijnse schilderkunst tijdens de tweede helft van de veertiende en het begin van de vijftiende eeuw.
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Italian Born in Florence Venetian Renaissance Wikipedia in 12/32 languages
The enduring impact of Gherardo di Jacopo Starnina can be summarized through several key artistic contributions: Stylistic Synthesis: The seamless blending of Florentine emotional realism with Venetian decorative splendor.
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French Early Gothic painting
Jean Pucelle remains one of the most captivating enigmas in the annals of medieval art, a figure whose name is whispered with reverence by those who study the delicate transition from the rigid structures of the Middle Ages to the burgeoning humanism of the Renaissance.
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Italiaans Born in Florence Toscaanse schilderkunst Wikipedia in 12/32 languages
Geboren rond 1308 in Florence en overleden omstreeks 1368, was Orcagna niet louter een ambachtsman; hij was een spilfiguur die de stilistische verschuivingen overbrugde tussen het naturalisme van Giotto en de meer geformaliseerde tradities van de Byzantijnse kunst, waarmee hij de koers van de Florentijnse schilderkunst voor decennia zou bepalen.
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Italian Born in Piove di Sacco Early Renaissance; Venetian painting; Gothic art Wikipedia in 12/32 languages
The foundations of Guariento’s genius were laid in the workshops of his contemporaries, where the shadows of masters like Giotto di Bondone and Giovanni Pisano loomed large.
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Italian Born in Pratovecchio Gothic & Early Renaissance Wikipedia in 10/32 languages
He stands as a pivotal bridge between two worlds—the stylized, symbolic realm of the Gothic and the human-centric, observational era of the Renaissance.
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Nederlands Born in Haarlem Noordelijk Realisme
Claus Sluter (ca. 1350-1406) staat te boek als een van de meest invloedrijke beeldhouwers van zijn tijd, een meester die een cruciaal kruispunt markeerde tussen de gotische en renaissance-artistieke tradities in Noord-Europa. De vermelding van zijn naam in het register van het Brusselse steenhouwersgilde rond 1379/1380 bevestigt zijn professionele betrokkenheid en onderstreept het belang van vakmanschap binnen de middeleeuwse artistieke cultuur.
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Japanese Born in Kyoto Rinzai Zen, Gozan Bungaku
Kokan Shiren (虎関師錬; 9 May 1278 – 11 August 1347), a pivotal figure in 14th-century Japan, stands as a unique confluence of artistic expression, philosophical depth, and historical scholarship.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Italian Born in Florence Gothic Wikipedia in 7/32 languages
Jacopo's dedication extended beyond commissions; he actively participated in shaping Florence’s cultural landscape through his involvement with the cathedral workshop and his role as consul of the Arte dei Medici e Speziali (1384, 1387, 1392). His commitment to procuring marble for the cathedral underscored his understanding of artistic grandeur and civic responsibility. The dispersed predella depicting scenes from Saint Peter’s life – a collaborative effort with Niccolò di Pietro Gerini – remains a poignant reminder of Jacopo's artistic legacy and the enduring power of Florentine Gothic art.
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Italian Born in Siena Sienese School Wikipedia in 13/32 languages
In het hart van het veertiende-eeuwse Toscane, een periode die werd gedefinieerd door de overgang van de etherische gratie van het gotische tijdperk naar het ontluikende humanisme van de Renaissance, kwam Bartolo di Fredi naar voren als een meester van licht en narratief. Tegen 1355 was hij officieel toegetreden tot de Arte dei Maestri di Tavola e Dipinto, een mijlpaal die hem toegang gaf tot de belangrijkste mecenaatnetwerken in Italië.
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German Born in Dortmund International Gothic soft style Wikipedia in 13/32 languages
His presence in Dortmund placed him at the heart of a cosmopolitan social circle, where he moved among the patrician elite, securing the patronage necessary to sustain a thriving workshop that would influence Northern European painting well into the late 15th century. Completed around 1420, this monumental triptych stands as a pinnacle of the International Gothic style.
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Egyptian Born in Amarna Amarna art style
Tuthmosis’s mastery lay not only in capturing likeness but also in skillfully manipulating stone. He primarily worked with fine-grained limestone, a material readily available in the quarries surrounding Amarna. Though Tuthmosis died around 1300 BC, his influence on Egyptian art endures.
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Italian Born in Valmorea Italian Gothic Wikipedia in 13/32 languages
In the bustling streets of Florence, where the air was thick with the scent of fresh pigment and the echoes of a changing era, a painter named Giovanni di Jacopo di Guido da Caversaccio began to make his mark. Hailing from Lombardy, he arrived in Tuscany as a man seeking his fortune, appearing in the city's records as Johannes Jacobi de Commo.
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German Born in Minden International Gothic Wikipedia in 13/32 languages
It is believed that Bertram was influenced by both French and Netherlandish artistic trends prevalent during his time. The influence of courtly art from France can be observed in the refined elegance of his figures and decorative elements, while the meticulous detail and realism characteristic of Early Netherlandish painting are evident in his depictions of architectural settings and objects.
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Italian Born in Siena Gothic architecture/sculpture
Agostino di Siena, born around 1285 in the heart of Tuscany, emerged as a pivotal figure in the transition from late Gothic to early Renaissance sculpture. Giorgio Vasari, the celebrated Renaissance art historian, initially placed Agostino within the orbit of Giovanni Pisano’s workshop, suggesting a formative apprenticeship under this master sculptor. His exact date of death remains unknown, though records indicate he was no longer living as of June 27, 1347—a period marked by the devastating impact of the Black Death.
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Born in Kyoto
Late in his career, Yoshimitsu increasingly sought to legitimize his power through the lens of Buddhist kingship. His posthumous name was Rokuon'in (鹿苑院), further cementing his place in Japanese history.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Netherlandish Born in Valenciennes Pucellian revival
His technical achievements are best observed in the following areas: Illuminated Manuscripts: In works such as the Psalter of Jean de Berry and his depictions of figures like King David, Beauneveu demonstrated an extraordinary ability to use light and shadow to create a sense of three-dimensional volume on parchment.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Italian Born in Florence Renaissance
To study the works of Jacopo del Casentino is to witness the evolution of the human spirit through paint. In the annals of Italian art, Jacopo remains a luminous figure, a painter who captured the very essence of Florentine devotion. The origins of his artistry are deeply rooted in the Florentine milieu, likely shaped by the influential circle surrounding the Master of St.
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Japans Born in Ise Zenboeddhisme Wikipedia in 12/32 languages
De status van Musō Soseki in de Japanse samenleving werd bevestigd door de eervolle titel Musō Kokushi ('nationale [Zen] meester Musō'), verleend door keizer Go-Daigo.
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Italian Born in Pisa Gothic Art Wikipedia in 11/32 languages
Orcagna championed the concept of “naturalis dispositio,” prioritizing spatial realism to communicate theological ideas effectively—a principle that Traini wholeheartedly embraced. The Dance of Death Motif: The Triumph of Death fresco, arguably Traini's magnum opus, embodies the pervasive preoccupation with mortality during the Black Death era.
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Italian Born in Bologna International Gothic Wikipedia in 12/32 languages
The historical importance of Vitale da Bologna lies in his role as a pivotal figure in the evolution of the Bolognese school. By blending the formal rigidity of Gothicism with the emerging naturalism of the early Renaissance, he provided a blueprint for subsequent generations of Italian painters. His works, scattered across prestigious locations such as Pomposa Abbey and Udine Cathedral, serve as windows into a world where the divine and the earthly were intimately entwined.
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Kurdish Born in Erbil Company Style
Zain al-Din’s prominence grew during a period of significant change in India, as the power of the Mughal Empire waned and British influence expanded. This era saw the emergence of what is now known as the “Company style” of painting—a hybrid aesthetic favored by British officials and collectors who sought realistic depictions of Indian life, flora, and fauna. The Ashmolean Museum in Oxford holds several examples of his work, including exquisite depictions of mountain-rats, hanging bats, parrots, and storks—each painting a miniature world unto itself.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Spanish Gothic-Italian
Pere Serra, also known as Jaume Serra, stands as a compelling figure in the transition from the International Gothic style to the burgeoning Renaissance aesthetic within Catalonia. While biographical details remain scarce – a common fate for artists working before widespread documentation – Serra’s surviving works speak volumes about his skill, refinement, and the patronage that supported his endeavors. The city was a vibrant hub for trade and artistic exchange, exposed to influences from Italy, France, and Flanders.
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Mexicaans Born in Tenochtitlan Meso-Amerikaanse kunst
De artistieke tradities van de Azteken, die in de vroege 14e eeuw ontstonden in Tenochtitlan, het hart van het Azteekse Rijk, waren diep geworteld in de nalatenschap van eerdere Meso-Amerikaanse beschavingen. De Olmeken, met hun kolossale hoofden en geavanceerde kalendersystemen, de Teotihuacanos, beroemd om hun massieve piramides en stadsplanning, en de Tolteken, meesters in metaalbewerking en beeldhouwkunst, droegen allemaal bij aan het rijke artistieke weefsel dat de Azteken erfden.
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Chinese Born in Taizhou Yuan dynasty calligraphy
Some of his most notable achievements include: Teaching on Enlightenment: A masterpiece written in running script that is currently held within the prestigious collection of the Tokyo National Museum in Japan, recognized as a National Treasure.
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Italian Byzantine-influenced art; Gothic art
In the shimmering, maritime heart of the fourteenth century, a transformative era was unfolding within the lagoons of Venice, and at its center stood Paolo Veneziano. His formative years were steeped in the luminous, spiritual grandeur of Byzantine art, a tradition brought to the Venetian lagoons through trade and deep ecclesiastical ties to Constantinople. His ability to blend the following elements created a style that was uniquely "Venetian": Luminous Color Palettes: Drawing from the Byzantine tradition to create depth and spiritual radiance.
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Italian Born in Perugia Renaissance
Serving as a supervising architect and decorator, Matteo played an instrumental role in shaping this monumental edifice, which stands as a testament to Florentine civic pride and the intellectual aspirations of the merchant class.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Born in Nanjing
By commissioning the legendary Admiral Zheng He to lead a series of massive naval expeditions, Zhu Di projected Chinese prestige across the Western Oceans, reaching as far as India and Southeast Asia.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Catalan Born in Avinyonet del Penedès Gothic painting
Ferrer Bassa emerged from the artistic landscape of 14th-century Catalonia as a pivotal figure, bridging the gap between established Gothic traditions and the burgeoning Italianate styles that would reshape European painting. His ability to synthesize diverse stylistic elements—French elegance, Sienese refinement, and Giottesque drama—resulted in a visual language that was both innovative and deeply rooted in its cultural context.
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Italian Born in Modena Late Gothic Wikipedia in 15/32 languages
Tommaso Barisini, commonly known as Tommaso da Modena and sometimes referred to as Tomaso Baffini (c. 1325 – 1379), stands as one of the most prominent figures in Northern Italian painting during the mid-14th century—a period marked by burgeoning artistic innovation and profound spiritual reflection. His unwavering commitment to naturalistic representation—coupled with his masterful command of perspective—established a precedent for Renaissance artists seeking to emulate the grandeur and clarity of classical art forms.
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Italian Born in Bologna Renaissance, Proto-Renaissance
D'Avanzi’s style occupies a fascinating position within the transition from Gothic art to the early Renaissance. The influence of Giotto is palpable, particularly in his emphasis on storytelling and relatable human emotions. He wasn’t alone in this pursuit; Altichiero da Zevio, with whom he frequently collaborated, shared similar artistic concerns.
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Italiaans Born in San Quirico d'Orcia Naturalisme, Proto-Renaissance Wikipedia in 10/32 languages
Pietro Lorenzetti, geboren rond 1280 en tragisch overleden in 1348 tijdens de verwoestende Zwarte Doodpandemie, blijft een centrale figuur in de evolutie van de Italiaanse schilderkunst.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
The Coronation of the Virgin, and Saints
The Presentation of the Virgin in the Temple
Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saint John the Evangelist, Saint Peter, Saint Agnes, Saint Catherine of Alexandria, Saint Lucy, an Unidentified Female Saint, Saint Paul, and Saint John the Baptist, with Eve and the Serpent; the Annunciation66of 99
Italian Born in Florence Early Italian painter Wikipedia in 14/32 languages
Tempera on Wood: The Pietà of San Remigio, currently held in the Uffizi Gallery. Sculpture and Architecture: A marble statue located on the Florentine campanile and various works attributed to his hand in the Florentine school.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Yuan dynasty Born in Jiashan County Wikipedia in 12/32 languages
He did not merely observe the mountains or the flora; he sought to inhabit them. He achieved a rare unity known as the Three Perfections, where the boundaries between different disciplines began to dissolve. His work Qing Jiang Chun Xiao remains a definitive example of how he achieved the integration of the Three Perfections, weaving together the intellectual weight of poetry and the fluid grace of calligraphy with the visual depth of his painting.
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Florentine Born in Florence Later Gothic Wikipedia in 10/32 languages
As his career progresses, the influence of the Lorenzetti brothers, Pietro and Ambrogio, becomes visible. His later Gothic style reflects this integration of Sienese elements.
Pupil of Taddeo Gaddi #6 · Teacher of Spinello Aretino #12
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Italian Born in Florence Early Renaissance Wikipedia in 12/32 languages
Menabuoi’s distinctive style transcends simple categorization, reflecting a complex interplay between Byzantine iconography and Florentine Proto-Renaissance aesthetics. Unlike many of his contemporaries who embraced the burgeoning realism championed by artists like Altichiero and Jacopo d'Avanzi, Menabuoi prioritized conveying spiritual emotion over meticulous anatomical accuracy—a hallmark of Giotto’s artistic vision. Giotto's Legacy: As a student of Giotto, Menabuoi absorbed Giotto’s expressive technique—characterized by elongated figures and emotionally charged gestures—establishing a crucial link between Florentine artistic tradition and Byzantine influences.
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French Born in Hesdin International Gothic Wikipedia in 13/32 languages
Très Belles Heures du Duc de Berry (Brussels Hours): Considered his most significant work, showcasing elaborate scenes and detailed miniatures. Petites Heures: A smaller-scale book of hours, also demonstrating Jacquemart’s skill in illumination. He synthesized these influences into a unique International Gothic style that was highly sought after by European nobility.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Italian Born in Viterbo Early Italian Renaissance
By absorbing the stylistic currents flowing from the great masters of Tuscany and Umbria, Giovanetti began to synthesize a unique visual language. He drew inspiration from the monumental weight and structural clarity of Giotto di Bondone, while simultaneously embracing the lyrical elegance and refined grace found in the works of Simone Martini.
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Japan Born in Yamashiro Zen buddhism art
Unlike the flamboyant styles prevalent during Nanbokuchō, Gukyoku's approach prioritized conveying spiritual essence over visual spectacle. He favored ink wash techniques (sumi-e), utilizing varying shades of black to create textured surfaces that mirrored the natural world—particularly landscapes reminiscent of Mount Yoshino, a sacred site venerated by Zen monks. Although he remains largely unrecognized by mainstream art historians, Reisai Gukyoku’s work stands as a poignant reminder of the transformative potential of artistic practice when guided by spiritual aspiration.
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Chinese Zen Buddhism
Born in China during the vibrant Yuan Dynasty, his life was a bridge between two worlds, spanning the intellectual rigor of Chinese scholarship and the spiritual revitalization of Japanese Zen.
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Italian Born in Siena Sienese school
The true brilliance of Bulgarini lies in his ability to act as a bridge between two worlds. He possessed a rare, intuitive grasp of how to marry the ancient, ethereal majesty of Byzantine iconography with the burgeoning humanism and spatial curiosity emerging from Florence. He remained an active and influential force in the Sienese school even as the devastating Black Death of 1348 reshaped the social and cultural landscape of Italy.
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Japanese Born in Hara Zen painting
He was particularly influenced by the Chinese master Hsieh Ho (c. 1021–1076), whose innovative use of color, particularly in depicting landscapes, served as a significant model for Tettō. His compositions frequently featured sweeping vistas and dynamic brushstrokes, reflecting both the natural world and the internal landscapes of Zen meditation. His bold use of color and expressive brushwork served as an inspiration for subsequent generations of artists, including those who followed in the footsteps of the Ōtōkan school.
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Italian Born in Modena Byzantine-influenced Lombard Painting Wikipedia in 12/32 languages
Born around 1328 in Modena (Emilia), he emerged from obscurity to become arguably the first Lombard painter of considerable renown, leaving behind an impressive oeuvre that testifies to his unwavering devotion to this venerable artistic heritage.
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German-Bohemian Born in Schwaebisch Guemund Late Gothic
In the heart of the Late Middle Ages, a period defined by soaring spires and profound devotion, Peter Parler emerged as one of the most influential architects and sculptors of his era. Known variously as Peter von Gemünd or Petr Parléř, his identity was inextricably linked to the Parler family, a lineage of craftsmen whose influence stretched across much of Central Europe.
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Italiaans Born in Barcelona Vroege Renaissance
Als een ware schrijver legde hij de essentie vast in de Crònica de Pere el Cerimoniós, een meesterlijke kroniek over het bewind van Peter IV van Aragon.
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Chinese Born in Beijing Landscape Art
The Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368), established by Kublai Khan, represents a singular moment in Chinese history – the first time a foreign power successfully ruled over all of China.
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Italian Born in Verona Trecento art
The attribution of certain works to Giovanni di Rigino remains a subject of scholarly debate.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Italian Born in Siena Gothic Art
Domenico di Agostino’s oeuvre is relatively small, consisting primarily of altarpieces and devotional panels intended for private chapels and churches in and around Siena. The Virgin of the Annunciation, found in various iterations across several museums, exemplifies his mature style. The legacy of Duccio di Buoninsegna, whose monumental Maestà had revolutionized Sienese painting just decades earlier, is clearly visible in Domenico's use of rich color palettes and narrative detail.
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Italian Gothic Art Italy
The specifics of Agnolo’s early training are lost to time, but it is reasonable to assume he apprenticed within one of Siena's established workshops. The influence of Nicola Pisano and his son Giovanni, prominent sculptors active in Pisa and Florence, cannot be discounted, as their innovations in depicting classical forms and emotional expression were widely admired throughout Tuscany. He frequently collaborated with painters, as seen in the Monument to Tarlati, highlighting the interconnectedness of artistic disciplines during the 14th century.
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Italian Born in Milan Gothic
However, he also absorbed influences from Northern European sculpture traditions, particularly those emanating from France and Germany, demonstrating a cosmopolitan outlook that characterized the artistic landscape of his era.
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Italian Born in Arezzo Humanist poetry
Petracco’s work reflects a unique blend of contemporary realism, influenced by the late Gothic tradition, alongside an emerging interest in perspective and atmospheric effects – hallmarks of the evolving Renaissance aesthetic. His family, prominent Florentine notaries, faced exile due to the turbulent power struggles between the White and Black Guelphs. Furthermore, Petracco's connection to the exiled poet Dante Alighieri – both sharing political exile from Florence – undoubtedly shaped his artistic outlook.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Born in Siena
Vasari also mentions collaborations on commissions from the commune of Siena, including the Porta Romana and the iconic Torre del Mangia. Documentation confirms D'Agostino’s involvement in the construction of the Torre del Mangia in 1339.
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Japanese Born in Tokyo Zen Buddhism
Yūbai’s disciples, including Akamatsu Norimura and Akamatsu Norisuke, diligently upheld his legacy—propagating Zen philosophy and artistic traditions throughout Japan.
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Egyptian Born in Cairo Islamic Art
Born in Cairo in 1339, his ascent to power marked not merely a change in leadership but a transition into the Burji period—a new era defined by Circassian dominance within the Mamluk Sultanate.
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Italian Born in Certaldo Humanism precursor
Born amidst the rolling landscapes of Certaldo in 1313, Giovanni Boccaccio emerged as a vital force in the cultural landscape of the fourteenth century. As one of the legendary "Three Crowns" of Italian literature—standing alongside the giants Dante Alighieri and Petrarch—his life served as a bridge between the medieval world and the dawning light of the Renaissance.
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Japanese Buddhist Art
While the Nanboku-chō period was defined by conflict between rival courts, Kōgon’s focus on Buddhist art provided a sense of cultural continuity and spiritual stability. He successfully utilized the medium of painting to assert a form of authority that was not dependent on military might, but on moral and religious prestige. Emperor Kōgon (1313–1364) was not merely a sovereign navigating a period of profound instability; he was a visionary patron whose devotion to Buddhist iconography helped reshape the aesthetic soul of Northern Japan.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Japanese Born in Tokyo Rinzai Zen
Early Life & Artistic Formation: Little biographical detail survives concerning Genkō’s formative years; he emerged from obscurity as a student of Zen at Nara Temple, establishing a foundation for his lifelong devotion to the Dharma.
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Italian Born in Sant Joan de les Abadès Sienese painting, Gothic influence
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English Born in Norwich Medieval Mysticism
The essence of Julian’s legacy lies in her extraordinary mystical experiences, captured in the seminal manuscript, Revelations of Divine Love. Through these spiritual windows, she glimpsed a God characterized not by distant judgment, but by an overwhelming, compassionate intimacy.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Italian Born in Florence Renaissance Painting Wikipedia in 10/32 languages
To study Nardo is to witness the evolution of the Florentine spirit: Technical Versatility: The seamless integration of sculptural depth with painterly fluidity. Chromatic Mastery: The use of vibrant, symbolic colors to navigate complex theological narratives. His early training under Maestro Piero Bargellini, a distinguished sculptor and painter, provided him with a unique dual perspective.
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Egyptian Born in Amarna Ancient Egyptian Art
The treasures unearthed from his resting place, KV62, serve as a breathtaking testament to the mastery of ancient Egyptian artisans.
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Italian Born in Modena Giottesque & Bolognese
One of his most celebrated achievements, the Coronation of the Virgin, bears a proud inscription dating the work to March 1385, serving as a permanent testament to his hand. His depictions of the Life of Saint Louis and scenes involving St. In the twilight of the fourteenth century, amidst the architectural grandeur of Northern Italy, the name Serafino Serafini emerged as a vital, if enigmatic, force in the evolution of late medieval painting.
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Italian Venetian Gothic
The magnum opus of Filippo Calendario remains inextricably linked to the ambitious rebuilding project of the Doge’s Palace.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Italian Born in Pietrantonella Late Medieval Art
He was a progenitor of style, fostering a school of artists that included luminaries such as Agnello del Fiore and Guglielmo Monaco. As we look back upon his life, which concluded around 1435, we see an artist who successfully navigated the complexities of patronage and the shifting tides of cultural influence. In the twilight of the Middle Ages, as the rigid structures of the Gothic era began to soften under the burgeoning light of the Renaissance, there emerged a master whose hands shaped the very identity of Neapolitan grandeur.
Signature works · The 100 signature works
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Italian Born in Tosa Byzantine art
The Master’s origins are shrouded in some mystery, yet a clear lineage can be traced through the artistic networks of Pistoia. He was deeply influenced by Giotto di Bondone, whose revolutionary approach to depicting human emotion and space began to permeate the region. The figure known as the Master of 1336 remains one of the most intriguing enigmas in Italian art history.
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Japanese Zen Buddhist Art
His work stands as a testament to several enduring themes: The Integration of Art and Spirit: He remains a primary example of how the Zen concept of "silent mind" can be translated into visual form.
Signature works
A timeline
Figures
| Italy | 37 |
|---|---|
| Italië | 18 |
| Japan | 10 |
| China | 4 |
| Spain | 3 |
| France | 3 |
| Egypt | 3 |
| People's Republic of China | 2 |
| 1270s | 4 |
|---|---|
| 1280s | 9 |
| 1290s | 11 |
| 1300s | 9 |
| 1310s | 8 |
| 1320s | 12 |
| 1330s | 13 |
| 1340s | 9 |
| 1350s | 15 |
| 1360s | 9 |
| Metropolitan Museum of Art | 18 |
|---|---|
| Galleria degli Uffizi | 5 |
| Harvard Art Museums | 5 |
| National Gallery of Art | 5 |
| Yale University Art Gallery | 4 |
| National Gallery | 4 |
| Gemäldegalerie | 3 |
| Rijksmuseum | 3 |
Every name
Simone MartiniItaliaans · 1284–1344Andrej RoebljovRussisch · 1360–1430Ambrogio LorenzettiItaliaans · 1290–1348Pietro LorenzettiItaliaans · 1280–1348Hubert Van EyckNederlands · 1366–1426Taddeo GaddiItaliaans · 1300–1366Agnolo GaddiItalian · 1350–1396Theophanes de GriekGrieks · 1335–1410Paolo VenezianoItaliaans · 1333–1358Lippo MemmiItaliaan · 1291–1356Altichiero Da ZevioItaliaans · 1330–1390Spinello AretinoItaliaans · 1350–1410Bernardo DaddiItaliaans · 1290–1348Andrea PisanoItaliaans · 1290–1348Niccolò Di TommasoItalian · 1346–1376Ni ZanChinees · 1301–1374Andrea Di Cione Di Arcangelo (Orcagna)Italian · 1308–1368OrcagnaItalian · 1315–1368Giovanni Di Jacopo Da Caversaccio (Ook Bekend Als Giovanni Da Milano)Italiaans · 1346–1369Barna Da SienaItalian · 1330–1380Wang MengChinese · 1308–1385Cresques AbrahamSpanish · 1325–1387Nicolas BatailleFrench · 1330–1405Lorenzo VenezianoItaliaans · 1336–1379Segna Di BuonaventureItalian · 1298–1326Cennino CenniniItalian · 1360–1440Ugolino Di NerioItaliaans · 1280–1330Taddeo di BartoloItalian · 1362–1422Lippo Di BenivieniItalian · 1296–1327Zhao YuanChinese · born 1350Andrea Di BartoloItalian · 1360–1428Lorenzo di BicciItalian · 1350–1427Melchior BroederlamBelgian · 1355–1410Bicci Di LorenzoItaliaans · 1350–1427Gherardo StarninaItalian · 1354–1413Jean PucelleFrench · 1300–1334Andrea di BonaiutoItaliaans · 1343–1379Guariento di ArpoItalian · 1310–1370Giovanni Del BiondoItalian · 1356–1399Claus SluterNederlands · 1355–1406Kokan ShirenJapanese · 1278–1346Jacopo di CioneItalian · 1325–1399Bartolo Di FrediItalian · 1330–1410Conrad von SoestGerman · 1360–1423TuthmosisEgyptian · 1340–1300Giovanni da MilanoItalian · 1325–1370Master BertramGerman · 1345–1415Agostino Di GiovanniItalian · 1285–1347Ashikaga Yoshimitsu1358–1408André BeauneveuNetherlandish · 1335–1403Jacopo Del Casentino (Jacopo Landino)Italian · 1330–1380Musō SosekiJapans · 1275–1351Francesco TrainiItalian · 1321–1365Vitale Da BolognaItalian · 1289–1359Sheikh Zain Al-DinKurdish · born 1325Pere SerraSpanish · 1357–1406Azteekse RijkMexicaans · 1300–1521Liaoan QingyuChinese · 1288–1363Marco Di Paolo VenezianoItalian · born 1362Matteo Di Ser CambioItalian · 1351–1424Zhu Di1360–1424Ferrer BassaCatalan · 1285–1348Tommaso Da ModenaItalian · 1326–1379Jacopo AvanziItalian · 1350–1416Paolo Di Giovanni FeiItaliaans · 1345–1411GiottinoItalian · 1324–1372Wu ZhenYuan dynasty · 1280–1354Jacopo del CasentinoFlorentine · 1297–1358Giusto De' MenabuoiItalian · 1330–1393Jacquemart de HesdinFrench · 1350–1410Matteo GiovanettiItalian · 1322–1368Reisai GukyokuJapan · 1363–1452Qingzhuo Zhengcheng, Ch'Ing-Cho Cheng-Ch'EngChinese · 1274–1339Bartolommeo BulgariniItalian · 1305–1378Gikō TettōJapanese · 1295–1369Barnaba Da ModenaItalian · 1328–1386Peter ParlerGerman-Bohemian · 1330–1399Bonanat Descoll I De SantclimentItaliaans · 1310–1390Yuan DynastyChinese · 1271–1368Giovanni Di RiginoItalian · born 1315Domenico Di AgostinoItalian · 1317–1366Agnolo Di VenturaItalian · 1290–1349Giovanni Da CampioneItalian · 1320–1375Francesco Di PetraccoItalian · 1304–1374Giovanni d'Agostino1285–1347Sesson YūbaiJapanese · 1290–1347Sultan Al-Malik Al-Zahir Abu Sa’Id BarquqEgyptian · 1339–1399Giovanni Di Chellino BoccaccioItalian · 1313–1375Emperor KōgonJapanese · 1313–1364Jakushitsu GenkōJapanese · 1290–1367Bernat Saulet I El Taller De Sant Joan De Les AbadessesItalian · 1341–1342Mother JulianEnglish · born 1343Nardo di CioneItalian · 1320–1366TutankhamenEgyptian · 1345–1327Serafino SerafiniItalian · 1324–1393Filippo CalendarioItalian · 1315–1355Antonio Baboccio Da PipernoItalian · 1351–1435Zekkai ChūshinItalian · 1336–1405Ryūshū ShūtakuJapanese · 1307–1388Questions
First place goes to Simone Martini (#1); Andrej Roebljov (#2) and Ambrogio Lorenzetti (#3) complete the podium.
Simone Martini (#1), Andrej Roebljov (#2), Ambrogio Lorenzetti (#3), Pietro Lorenzetti (#4) and Hubert Van Eyck (#5).
The highest-ranked artists born in Italië are Simone Martini (#1), Ambrogio Lorenzetti (#3), Pietro Lorenzetti (#4), Taddeo Gaddi (#6) and Agnolo Gaddi (#7).
“In dat jaar schilderde hij het Maestà -fresco voor het Palazzo Pubblico, de zetel van het stadsbestuur.” — from our biography of Simone Martini (#1).
The museums holding the most key works of this list are Metropolitan Museum of Art (18), Galleria degli Uffizi (5) and Harvard Art Museums (5).
Taddeo Gaddi (#6) taught Agnolo Gaddi (#7) and Jacopo Del Casentino (Jacopo Landino) (#51); Simone Martini (#1) taught Lippo Memmi (#10); Spinello Aretino (#12) taught Lorenzo di Bicci (#32).
Florence: 16 of the artists in this list were born there.
Italy: 37 of the 99 artists in this list were born there, then Italië (18) and Japan (10).
The earliest-born artist in this list is Yuan Dynasty (#79), born in 1271.
The highest-ranked artists born in Italy are Niccolò Di Tommaso (#15), Andrea Di Cione Di Arcangelo (Orcagna) (#17), Orcagna (#18), Barna Da Siena (#20) and Cennino Cennini (#26).
The highest-ranked living artists in this list are Zhao Yuan (#30), Sheikh Zain Al-Din (#55), Marco Di Paolo Veneziano (#59), Giovanni Di Rigino (#80) and Mother Julian (#92).
Our catalogue holds 1,514 works by these artists.
Other movements
Famous Baroque artistsDe Nachtwacht · Rembrandt
Famous Contemporary Realist artistsDe Graassters · Jean-François Millet
Famous Impressionist artistsDe Sterrennacht (New York, MoMA) · Vincent Van Gogh
Famous Romanticist artistsSaturnus die zijn zoon verslindt · Francisco Goya
Famous Neoclassicist artistsDe dood van Marat · Jacques-Louis David
Famous Realist artistsDe oorsprong van de wereld · Gustave Courbet
Famous Renaissance artistsMona Lisa (La Gioconda) · Leonardo Da Vinci
Famous Dutch Golden Age artistsHet meisje met de parel · Johannes Vermeer
Famous Expressionist artistsCompositie VII · Wassily Kandinsky
Famous Rococo artistsDe Vestiging naar Cythère · Antoine WatteauOther periods
Famous Early Medieval artistsSnowy River · Wang Wei
Famous High Medieval artistsMadonna in Maest (Ognissanti Madonna) · Giotto Di Bondone
Famous Renaissance artistsDe Schepping van Adam · Michelangelo Buonarroti
Famous Early Modern artistsDe Roeping van Sint Mattheüs · Caravaggio
Famous 19th Century artistsWaterlelies (of Nympheas) · Claude Monet
Famous Modern artistsGuernica · Pablo Picasso
Famous Contemporary artistsWind Sculpture III (one in a series of nine) · Yinka ShonibareDiscover more
![Saint Mary Magdalene, with an Angel [left panel] by Pietro Lorenzetti](/media/artworks/images-thumb/56/70/567081333697abce62276a169dde6184.jpg)
![Madonna of Humility, The Blessing Christ, Two Angels, and a Donor [obverse] by Andrea Di Bartolo](/media/artworks/images-thumb/f3/31/f3317163438ed194835309786408ef36.jpg)
![[Appointment of Romeu Desplà as administrator and notary for the works of the galleys at the Drassanes (shipyards) of Barcelona]\n\nAppointment by Bonanat Descoll I De Santcliment](/media/artworks/images-thumb/64/e7/64e7531469fd5686ef82dea4779099f0.jpg)
![Saint Peter [left panel] by Nardo di Cione](/media/artworks/images-thumb/45/65/4565bd93c5ceb8d7a9e277b4bdd827fe.jpg)
