Paper

Student Artwork Guide

Untitled I

Name Class Date

Willem de Kooning, Untitled I (1981). Reproduced for reference; rights reserved by the rights holder. See this canvas under a moving light: the drawing, the true colour under the varnish, the bare pigment

The facts

Artist
Willem de Kooning originaluniqueart.com/en/artists/willem-de-kooning/
Artist’s dates
1904 – 1997
Painted
1981
Medium
Oil On Canvas
Original size
88 x 77 cm
Movement
Abstract Expressionism Large canvases where the act of painting itself — the drip, the sweep — is the subject.
Period
Modern
Notable elements
Dynamic brushstrokes, layered color palette, thick impasto, diagonal flow
Style
Gestural Abstraction, Impasto
Subject
Fragmented figures and forms

In context

Untitled I — Willem de Kooning

How big is it?

The original measures 88 × 77 cm (height × width), drawn here beside an adult of average height.

When was this painted?

  1. 1900
  2. 1910
  3. 1920
  4. 1930
  5. 1940
  6. 1950
  7. 1960
  8. 1970
  9. 1980
  10. 1990

Row above: the years. Row below: how old the artist was at the start and at the end of each span — 0 at birth, 93 at death.

Painted when the artist was 77. The artist lived to 93. 83 of the 88 dated works by this artist in our catalogue came earlier.

Shaded: the lifetime of Willem de Kooning (1904–1997) ▲ this work, 1981 every dated painting, decade by decade

First works: up to 1949 Main working years: 1949–1965 Late works: from 1965

Those three bands split the works this catalogue has a date for into a first quarter, a middle half and a last quarter. They are not the artist’s complete output: a thin stretch may be a gap in the record rather than a quiet spell. The same years with the artist’s life laid along them

Compare with

Pick one work above: name two things it shares with this one, and one thing that's different.

More works to set beside this one: originaluniqueart.com/en/art/similar/willem-de-kooning-untitled-i-8XZ6VR-en/

Colours

Measured from the image

    Main colour

    White #f2f0e5

    Catalogued palette

    • #F2F0E5
    • #E1D139
    • #552B3E
    • #A2928D

    These colours inside the artist’s whole palette Find other paintings by colour

    Palette
    Neutrals The dominant colour family in the image.
    Main colour name
    White
    Intensity
    Vivid How saturated and varied the colours are, from a single toned-down hue to many bright ones.
    Contrast
    Statement How much the colours differ in lightness and saturation across the picture.
    Harmony
    Softly Mixed Palette How well the colours work together, from clashing to fully unified.
    Brightness
    Brilliant How light or dark the picture reads overall, from deep shadow to bright highlight.
    Saturation
    Balanced Soft How pure and strong the colours are, from near-grey to fully vivid.

    Where in the world is this painting looked at?

    • under 1%
    • 1–3%
    • 3–8%
    • 8–20%
    • 20% and over
    This painting alone has too few recorded visitors to map, so the plate reads every work by Willem de Kooning over the last twelve months — 38 countries in all. Where these figures come from

    The ten leading countries

    1. 1 China 24.7%
    2. 2 United States of America 17.4%
    3. 3 Brazil 6.2%
    4. 4 United Kingdom 6.2%
    5. 5 Italy 4.5%
    6. 6 South Korea 4.5%
    7. 7 Belgium 3.4%
    8. 8 Spain 2.2%
    9. 9 France 2.2%
    10. 10 Romania 2.2%
    11. · 28 other countries 26.5%

    Find the three darkest countries on the map. Is the museum that keeps this painting in any of them? Write down one reason people far away might look at it.

    The 20 most looked-at works by Willem de Kooning

    1. 1 Woman I, 1952 37.7%
    2. 2 Excavation, 1950 5.6%
    3. 3 Woman V, 1952-53 (oil ^ charcoal on canvas), 1953 3.2%
    4. 4 Marilyn Monroe, 1954 2.9%
    5. 5 Door to the River, 1960 2.6%
    6. 6 Women Singing II, 1966 2.6%
    7. 7 A Tree in Naples 2.3%
    8. 8 Abstraction, 1950 2.0%
    9. 9 Seated Woman, 1940 1.8%
    10. 10 Saturday Night, 1956 1.8%
    11. 11 The visit tate gallery, 1966 1.8%
    12. 12 Composition 1.5%
    13. 13 Merritt Parkway, 1959 1.5%
    14. 14 Excavation,1950, art institute of chicago 1.5%
    15. 15 Woman Red Hair, Large Mouth, Large Foot, 1965 1.2%
    16. 16 Sphinx, 1964 1.2%
    17. 17 Parc rosenberg,1957, private 1.2%
    18. 18 Untitled (21) 1.2%
    19. 19 Two Women in the Country, 1954 0.9%
    20. 20 Untitled I, 1981 this painting 0.9%

    Together these works take 75.4% of all the attention this artist's paintings received over the last twelve months. The catalogue holds 102 works by this artist, of which 68 were looked at at least once. This painting ranks 20 of them, with 0.9% of that attention. The same counts, month by month

    Bars measure attention, not quality. Pick the work at the top and this one: name one thing that might make a painting famous beyond how well it is painted.

    About this artwork

    Untitled I — Willem de Kooning

    A Tempest of Emotion: De Kooning’s Untitled I (1981)

    This dynamic work, *Untitled I*, created in 1981, exemplifies Willem de Kooning's mature abstract expressionist style – a period where he continued to push the boundaries of paint and form with relentless energy. Measuring 88 x 77 cm, this painting is not merely an aesthetic object; it’s a visceral experience, a record of the artist’s physical and emotional engagement with the canvas.

    Deconstructing Form: Style & Technique

    De Kooning, a pivotal figure bridging figuration and abstraction, doesn't offer easy narratives. *Untitled I* is characterized by its gestural abstraction – prioritizing the act of painting itself over precise representation. Thick impasto, achieved through layers of oil paint scraped, blended, and applied with vigorous brushstrokes, creates a palpable texture that invites tactile exploration (even visually). Diagonal flows dominate the composition, guiding the eye through a swirling landscape of fragmented forms. These shapes, while abstract, hint at distorted figures or natural elements – echoes of his earlier Woman series, but liberated from explicit representation. The technique is one of controlled chaos; a deliberate layering and reworking that reveals the artist’s process as integral to the final result.

    Historical Context: Late-Career Innovation

    By 1981, De Kooning had already established himself as a leading figure in American art. Having emigrated from the Netherlands in 1927, he became a central player in the New York School and the development of Abstract Expressionism. However, *Untitled I* represents his later period – a time when he moved away from the overt figuration of the 1950s towards increasingly abstract compositions. This work demonstrates his continued exploration of form and color, refusing to settle into any single style or formula even after decades of artistic innovation. It’s a testament to his lifelong commitment to experimentation.

    Symbolism & Emotional Resonance

    The ambiguity inherent in *Untitled I* is its strength. The fragmented forms can be interpreted as representing the complexities of the human condition – isolation, connection, struggle, and vulnerability. There’s a sense of movement and tension within the composition, suggesting an internal turmoil or perhaps a reflection on the passage of time. While De Kooning resisted definitive interpretations of his work, it's undeniable that these paintings evoke powerful emotional responses in viewers. The lack of clear subject matter allows for personal projection and invites contemplation on universal themes.

    Interior Design & Collecting Considerations

    *Untitled I*, with its bold color palette and dynamic composition, would serve as a striking focal point in any modern or contemporary interior. Its energy complements minimalist spaces, adding depth and complexity, while also harmonizing with more eclectic settings.

    Color Palette: Dominated by vibrant hues – blues, pinks, yellows, and whites – offering versatility for various color schemes.

    Texture: The rich impasto adds a sculptural quality, enhancing visual interest and creating a sense of depth.

    Scale: At 88 x 77 cm, it’s substantial enough to make an impact without overwhelming the space.

    For collectors, *Untitled I* represents a significant example of De Kooning's late-career work – a period often overlooked but crucial to understanding his artistic evolution. It embodies the artist’s enduring commitment to pushing boundaries and exploring the expressive potential of paint itself.

    Artist and museum

    Artist

    Willem de Kooning

    Born in Rotterdam, Netherlands

    A Life Forged in Abstraction

    Willem de Kooning, a name synonymous with the raw energy and emotional depth of Abstract Expressionism, was born in Rotterdam, Netherlands, in 1904. His early life was marked by a familial split – his parents divorced when he was young – which perhaps instilled within him a sense of restless searching that would permeate his artistic journey. Leaving formal schooling at twelve, de Kooning apprenticed with a commercial art firm, laying the groundwork for his technical skill while simultaneously fueling a desire to break free from conventional constraints. Evening classes at the Academie van Beeldende Kunsten en Technische Wetenschappen in Rotterdam provided further foundational training, but it was a yearning for something more – a bolder, more expressive language – that ultimately propelled him towards America in 1926. His arrival wasn’t straightforward; he famously stowed away on a ship, embodying the spirit of an outsider seeking new horizons. New York City became his adopted home, and its vibrant, often gritty energy profoundly shaped his evolving style. He navigated various jobs – house painter, carpenter – all while relentlessly pursuing his artistic vision, absorbing the city’s pulse into his work.

    From Urban Scenes to Abstract Fury

    De Kooning's early paintings reflected his immediate surroundings: urban landscapes and portraits that captured the dynamism of New York life. However, these were merely stepping stones towards a more profound exploration of form and emotion. A pivotal moment came with his connection to Arshile Gorky, whose influence proved transformative. Gorky encouraged de Kooning’s experimentation with abstraction, fostering a willingness to dismantle traditional representation in pursuit of something deeper. The 1930s saw de Kooning engage with social realism and mural projects through the Works Progress Administration (WPA), a period that honed his skills but also highlighted the limitations of purely representational art. He found himself drawn towards the work of Stuart Davis and John Graham, artists who were pushing boundaries in their own right. This confluence of influences gradually steered him away from literal depiction and toward an increasingly abstract vocabulary. It wasn’t a sudden shift, but rather a slow burn – a deliberate dismantling of established norms fueled by intellectual curiosity and a relentless pursuit of artistic truth.

    The Woman Series: A Landmark Achievement

    Following World War II, de Kooning emerged as a central figure in the burgeoning Abstract Expressionist movement. This period marked a turning point, culminating in his iconic “Woman” series (1950-1953). These paintings – including the monumental *Woman I* – are not merely depictions of female figures; they are visceral explorations of femininity, sexuality, and the complexities of human emotion. Characterized by aggressive brushstrokes, fragmented forms, and a jarring juxtaposition of colors, the “Woman” series challenged conventional notions of beauty and representation. They were controversial, even shocking to some, but their power lay precisely in their refusal to conform. De Kooning wasn’t interested in creating idealized images; he sought to capture the raw, untamed essence of his subjects. Beyond the "Woman" series, works like The Glazier and Excavation further demonstrated his dynamic approach to painting, showcasing a masterful command of texture, color, and composition. He didn't shy away from chaos or ambiguity; instead, he embraced them as integral components of his artistic language.

    Evolving Landscapes and Enduring Legacy

    In the 1960s, de Kooning’s style underwent another significant evolution. While abstraction remained central to his work, landscape elements began to play a more prominent role, often rendered with a brighter palette and a looser, more fluid brushstroke. He continued to experiment relentlessly throughout his life, exploring different techniques and materials, never content to rest on his laurels. His later works demonstrate a remarkable ability to reinvent himself while remaining true to his core artistic principles. Willem de Kooning’s historical significance is undeniable. He helped establish New York City as a global center for art, challenging the dominance of European traditions and paving the way for future generations of artists. His work continues to inspire awe and provoke debate, reminding us of the power of abstraction to convey profound emotional truths. De Kooning passed away in 1997, leaving behind a vast and influential body of work that stands as a testament to his unwavering commitment to artistic innovation and his enduring legacy as one of the most important American artists of the 20th century. His impact resonates still.

    Where to read more

    Find this online

    QR code linking to the download page for Untitled I

    originaluniqueart.com/en/art/download/willem-de-kooning-untitled-i-8XZ6VR-en/

    Cite this artwork

    MLA
    Kooning, Willem de. Untitled I. 1981, https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/willem-de-kooning-untitled-i-8XZ6VR-en/
    APA
    Kooning, Willem de (1981). Untitled I [Painting]. https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/willem-de-kooning-untitled-i-8XZ6VR-en/
    Chicago
    Willem de Kooning. Untitled I. 1981. https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/willem-de-kooning-untitled-i-8XZ6VR-en/
    Harvard
    Kooning, Willem de (1981) Untitled I. Available at: https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/willem-de-kooning-untitled-i-8XZ6VR-en/

    Look closely

    Untitled I — Willem de Kooning

    Look closely

    Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.

    1. What catches your eye first, and why?
    2. Which colours or shapes create the mood — and what is that mood?
    3. How many faces can you find? ____ (our catalogue counts 1 — do you agree?)
    4. Our catalogue files this work under: abstract forms, dynamic brushwork, fragmented figures. Do you agree? What would you add, or take away?
    5. Look back at Woman I (1952), earlier in this guide. Name two things it shares with this work, and one that is different.

    Your response

    Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.

    Art quiz

    Untitled I — Willem de Kooning

    How well do you know this artwork?

    Tick one answer for each of the 5 questions below. Each has exactly one correct answer.

    1. 1. To which artistic movement does Willem de Kooning's 'Untitled I' (1981) primarily belong?

      • A Cubism
      • B Abstract Expressionism
      • C Pop Art
    2. 2. What is a defining characteristic of the technique used in 'Untitled I', as described in the image description?

      • A Precise, linear brushwork
      • B Thin washes of color
      • C Thick impasto application of paint
    3. 3. The composition of 'Untitled I' is best described as:

      • A Highly representational and realistic
      • B Linear with a clear focal point
      • C Non-linear, chaotic yet controlled
    4. 4. What do the fragmented forms in 'Untitled I' potentially symbolize?

      • A Landscapes of Holland
      • B Still life arrangements
      • C Aspects of the human condition – isolation, connection, or emotional turmoil
    5. 5. What is a key element contributing to the sense of movement within 'Untitled I'?

      • A A static, symmetrical arrangement
      • B A strong diagonal flow across the image
      • C The use of monochromatic colors

    My score: ____ out of 5

    Answer key — for the teacher

    This starts a fresh printed page, so it can simply be left out of the copies.

    1B · 2C · 3C · 4C · 5B

    Check any answer against the catalogue record for this painting

    Questions & Answers

    Where can I buy a digital image of "Untitled I" by Willem de Kooning?

    To get a digital file of "Untitled I" by Willem de Kooning, order a high-resolution digital image download on its Digital Image page.

    What is "Untitled I" about, and what atmosphere does it have?

    "Untitled I" by Willem de Kooning depicts abstract forms, dynamic brushwork, fragmented figures, emotional intensity, gestural art”, “chaotic composition”, “layered colors”, in a dramatic mood. Subject and atmosphere together describe the work.

    Where can I see a preview of "Untitled I"?

    A preview of "Untitled I" by Willem de Kooning is available on the artwork's Preview page.