Paper

Student Artwork Guide

The Sun Dance

Name Class Date

Frederic Remington, The Sun Dance (1909), Frederic Remington Art Museum. Public domain. See this canvas under a moving light: the drawing, the true colour under the varnish, the bare pigment

The facts

Artist
Frederic Remington originaluniqueart.com/en/artists/frederic-remington/
Artist’s dates
1861 – 1909
Painted
1909
Held at
Frederic Remington Art Museum originaluniqueart.com/en/museums/frederic-remington-art-museum-ogdensburg/
Artistic style
Realism
Influences
Romanticism
Notable elements or techniques
Realistic depiction of Native American ritual.
Subject or theme
Native American Ceremony

In context

The Sun Dance — Frederic Remington

When was this painted?

  1. 1860
  2. 1870
  3. 1880
  4. 1890
  5. 1900
  6. 1910

Row above: the years. Row below: how old the artist was at the start and at the end of each span — 0 at birth, 48 at death.

Painted when the artist was 48. The artist lived to 48. 156 of the 165 dated works by this artist in our catalogue came earlier.

Shaded: the lifetime of Frederic Remington (1861–1909) ▲ this work, 1909 every dated painting, decade by decade

First works: up to 1890 Main working years: 1890–1904 Late works: from 1904

Those three bands split the works this catalogue has a date for into a first quarter, a middle half and a last quarter. They are not the artist’s complete output: a thin stretch may be a gap in the record rather than a quiet spell. The same years with the artist’s life laid along them

Compare with

Pick one work above: name two things it shares with this one, and one thing that's different.

More works to set beside this one: originaluniqueart.com/en/art/similar/frederic-remington-the-sun-dance-D688CX-en/

Colours

Measured from the image

    Main colour

    Driftwood #a38445

    Catalogued palette

    • #A38445
    • #24291F
    • #5A4E33
    • #DDC267

    These colours inside the artist’s whole palette Find other paintings by colour

    Main colour name
    Driftwood
    Intensity
    Balanced How saturated and varied the colours are, from a single toned-down hue to many bright ones.
    Contrast
    Statement How much the colours differ in lightness and saturation across the picture.
    Harmony
    Balanced Harmony How well the colours work together, from clashing to fully unified.
    Brightness
    Shadow How light or dark the picture reads overall, from deep shadow to bright highlight.
    Saturation
    Balanced Soft How pure and strong the colours are, from near-grey to fully vivid.

    Where in the world is this painting looked at?

    • under 1%
    • 1–3%
    • 3–8%
    • 8–20%
    • 20% and over
    This painting alone has too few recorded visitors to map, so the plate reads every work by Frederic Remington over the last twelve months — 13 countries in all. Where these figures come from

    The ten leading countries

    1. 1 China 54.4%
    2. 2 United States of America 13.2%
    3. 3 United Kingdom 11.4%
    4. 4 Hong Kong 5.7%
    5. 5 Singapore 5.3%
    6. 6 Italy 3.9%
    7. 7 Brazil 1.3%
    8. 8 Australia 0.9%
    9. 9 Spain 0.9%
    10. 10 France 0.9%
    11. · 3 other countries 2.1%

    Find the three darkest countries on the map. Is the museum that keeps this painting in any of them? Write down one reason people far away might look at it.

    The 20 most looked-at works by Frederic Remington

    1. 1 The Old Stage-Coach of the Plains, 1901 3.6%
    2. 2 The Wolves Sniffed Along on the Trail, but Came No Closer 3.6%
    3. 3 His First Lesson, 1903 3.2%
    4. 4 Studio at Ingleneuk, 1907 2.4%
    5. 5 The Trooper, 1891 2.0%
    6. 6 The Last March, 1906 2.0%
    7. 7 Coming Through the Rye, 1902 1.6%
    8. 8 Morgan, 1895 1.6%
    9. 9 Crow Indians Firing into the Agency, 1887 1.6%
    10. 10 The Fall of the Cowboy, 1895 1.6%
    11. 11 Fight for the Water Hole, 1903 1.6%
    12. 12 The Cowboy, 1902 1.6%
    13. 13 The Grass Fire, 1908 1.2%
    14. 14 The Charge of the Rough Riders, 1898 1.2%
    15. 15 The Wounded Bunkie, 1896 1.2%
    16. 16 Lieutenant Casey Commandant of Cheyenne Scouts, 1890 1.2%
    17. 17 Lieutenant S. C. Robertson, Chief of the Crow Scouts, 1890 1.2%
    18. 18 Untitled (posssibly The Cigarette), 1908 1.2%
    19. 19 River Drivers in the Spring Break Up, 1905 1.2%
    20. — The Sun Dance, 1909 this painting 0.0%

    Together these works take 34.8% of all the attention this artist's paintings received over the last twelve months. The catalogue holds 288 works by this artist, of which 135 were looked at at least once. This painting has not been looked at yet in that time — it closes the list without a rank. The same counts, month by month

    Bars measure attention, not quality. Pick the work at the top and this one: name one thing that might make a painting famous beyond how well it is painted.

    About this artwork

    The Sun Dance — Frederic Remington

    The Sun Dance: A Vision of Ritual and Resilience

    Frederic Remington’s “The Sun Dance,” completed in 1909, stands as an iconic representation of the American West—a landscape steeped in myth and imbued with the spirit of Native American culture. Painted during a period of significant upheaval for Indigenous communities facing encroaching westward expansion, this monumental canvas transcends mere depiction; it's a carefully crafted narrative that captures the solemn beauty and profound significance of a sacred ceremony.

    A Detailed Observation

    The painting portrays a vibrant tableau of participants engaged in the Sun Dance ritual. At its center is a man suspended from a wooden pole, an arresting visual element that immediately draws the eye. This pose symbolizes sacrifice and connection to the divine—a cornerstone of Sioux spirituality. Surrounding him are figures performing dances, their movements mirroring the rhythms of nature and conveying stories passed down through generations.

    Technique and Artistic Style

    Remington’s masterful brushwork exemplifies his signature style: realistic yet imbued with expressive energy. He employs a palette dominated by earthy tones—browns, ochres, reds—reflecting the arid environment of the Plains. The artist meticulously captures textures – from the rough bark of the pole to the flowing garments of the dancers – demonstrating an unwavering commitment to accuracy and detail. Remington’s use of chiaroscuro creates dramatic contrasts between light and shadow, enhancing the emotional impact of the scene.

    Historical Context: Confronting Change

    “The Sun Dance” was created during a time when Native American tribes were facing increasing pressure from settlers and government policies aimed at assimilation. Remington’s portrayal isn't simply an aesthetic exercise; it’s a testament to the enduring traditions of Sioux culture—a defiant assertion of identity against dominant forces. The painting serves as a poignant reminder of a disappearing world, capturing a moment frozen in time before the transformative changes of the 20th century.

    Symbolism and Emotional Resonance

    Beyond its visual splendor, “The Sun Dance” resonates with deeper symbolic meanings. The pole represents ascension—a striving for spiritual enlightenment—while the dances embody storytelling and connection to ancestral wisdom. Remington’s depiction evokes feelings of reverence, solemnity, and a profound appreciation for the beauty of tradition. It invites viewers to contemplate themes of sacrifice, resilience, and the enduring spirit of Native American culture.

    Concluding Thoughts

    Frederic Remington's “The Sun Dance” remains an unforgettable image—a testament to his artistic skill and his unwavering fascination with the American West. Reproductions offer a chance to experience this captivating artwork firsthand, bringing its evocative atmosphere and symbolic richness into any interior space.

    Artist and museum

    Artist

    Frederic Remington

    Born in Canton, United States of America

    A Chronicler of the Vanishing West: The Life and Art of Frederic Remington

    Frederic Sackrider Remington, born in Canton, New York, on October 4, 1861, wasn’t a product of the Wild West he so vividly depicted; rather, he was an Easterner who forged his artistic identity through fascination and dedicated study. His lineage hinted at a life far removed from dusty trails and cavalry charges – French Basque ancestry mingled with staunchly Republican New England roots, a father who was a Civil War colonel and newspaper editor, and connections to the famed Remington Arms dynasty through distant cousins. Yet, it was an early exposure to military themes, coupled with a restless spirit and a keen eye for storytelling, that set him on a path toward becoming arguably the most recognizable artist of the American West. His childhood moved to Bloomington, Illinois, then back to Canton and finally Ogdensburg, New York, but his imagination remained captivated by tales of frontier life. Though initially steered towards a military education at Vermont Episcopal Institute, Remington’s true calling lay not in following orders, but in observing and interpreting the world around him through art. A brief stint at Yale University confirmed this; football and sketching held far more appeal than formal academic pursuits.

    From Illustrator to Painter: Forging an Artistic Vision

    Remington’s artistic journey began not with grand canvases, but with ink and paper. His first published work, a cartoon for the Yale Courant, signaled an early aptitude for capturing action and narrative. A pivotal trip to Montana in 1881 ignited his lifelong obsession with the West. This wasn't merely a tourist’s gaze; Remington sought to immerse himself in the culture, observing cowboys, Native Americans, and the landscape itself. He initially attempted ranching and mining ventures, but these proved unsuccessful, freeing him to fully dedicate himself to art. Returning East, he quickly established himself as an illustrator for magazines like Harper's Weekly and Collier’s, his dynamic depictions of Western scenes captivating a national audience hungry for stories of the frontier. These illustrations weren’t simply reportage; they were infused with drama, energy, and a romanticized vision of the West that resonated deeply with the public imagination. It was through this work that Remington honed his skills in composition, capturing movement, and conveying emotion – qualities that would later define his paintings. He received minimal formal training beyond some drawing classes at Yale and a short period at the Art Students League, developing instead a distinctive style characterized by energetic brushwork, bold colors, and a focus on realism blended with dramatic flair.

    Capturing a Vanishing World: Themes and Style

    Remington’s art is inextricably linked to a specific moment in American history – the twilight of the Old West. His canvases are populated by iconic figures: rugged cowboys driving cattle, stoic Native Americans facing displacement, and U.S. Cavalry soldiers engaged in both heroic battles and tragic conflicts. He didn't shy away from depicting the harsh realities of frontier life, but his work often leans towards a romanticized portrayal, emphasizing courage, adventure, and the clash of cultures. His paintings aren’t simply historical documents; they are evocative narratives that explore themes of heroism, loss, and the inevitable march of progress. Remington's style evolved over time, moving from tighter, more academic renderings to looser, more expressive brushwork. He was a master of capturing movement – horses galloping across the plains, cowboys wrestling steers, soldiers charging into battle. He often employed quick sketches and photographs as reference material, but his art always transcended mere imitation, imbued with his own unique vision and emotional intensity. Notable works like My Ranch, Waiting in the Moonlight, Ridden Down (1905), and The Long-Horn Cattle Sign (1908) exemplify his ability to capture both the grandeur and the vulnerability of the American West.

    Legacy and Enduring Influence

    Frederic Remington died unexpectedly in 1909 at the age of 48, leaving behind a vast body of work that continues to captivate audiences today. His impact on Western art is undeniable; he didn’t just depict the West, he helped define it for generations of Americans. He established a visual language for the frontier – an iconography of cowboys, Indians, and cavalrymen that became deeply ingrained in popular culture.

    His work inspired countless other artists, including N.C. Wyeth and Zane Grey.

    The Frederic Remington Art Museum in Ogdensburg, New York, stands as a testament to his enduring legacy, preserving an extensive collection of his paintings, sculptures, and archival materials.

    His art continues to be exhibited in major museums across the country, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Amon Carter Museum of American Art.

    Remington’s depictions, while sometimes criticized for their romanticized portrayal of the West, offer a valuable glimpse into a pivotal era in American history. He captured not just what was, but also what people believed about the West – its myths, its legends, and its enduring appeal. He remains a powerful symbol of the American spirit—a chronicler of a vanishing world who transformed it into an enduring artistic legacy.

    Museum

    Frederic Remington Art Museum

    On show in Ogdensburg, United States of America

    A Legacy Forged in Bronze and Paint: The Spirit of the American West

    Nestled along the tranquil banks of the St. Lawrence River in Ogdensburg, New York, the Frederic Remington Art Museum stands as a profound testament to one artist’s enduring vision of the American West. More than simply a repository for paintings and sculptures, it is an immersive portal into a pivotal era of American history, meticulously preserved within a building steeped in its own compelling narrative. To wander through its galleries is to step into a world forged in bronze and paint, where the spirit of the frontier continues to resonate with remarkable vitality. The museum offers an unparalleled encounter with the life and work of Frederic Sackrider Remington, boasting the largest collection of his art anywhere in the world—a legacy that transcends mere depiction to become a powerful shaping force in how America understood itself during a period of dramatic transformation.

    The story of the museum is inextricably linked to the architecture it occupies—a stately mansion constructed in 1810 by David Parish, a prominent local figure. For generations, the Parish Mansion witnessed the ebb and flow of family life, quietly observing the evolution of Ogdensburg and the nation. It wasn’t until after Remington's death in 1909 that a direct connection to the building emerged; his wife, Eva, found solace within its walls as a wonderful guest, remaining there until her passing in 1918. In 1923, Eva’s estate formally established the Remington Art Memorial, laying the foundation for what would become today's celebrated museum. This unique history imbues the space with an intimate atmosphere, allowing visitors to feel a tangible connection not only to the artist but also to the domesticity of a bygone era—a sense of stepping back in time and into the very heart of Remington’s world.

    Capturing the Vanishing Frontier

    Remington's art transcends simple illustration; it is a powerful visual chronicle of the late 19th-century American West. His canvases pulse with dynamic energy, depicting scenes of cowboys driving cattle across vast plains, Native Americans engaged in both daily life and moments of conflict, and the stoic presence of the U.S. Cavalry amidst rugged landscapes. He wasn’t merely recording events; he was crafting a mythology—an idealized yet often brutally honest portrayal of a world on the cusp of irreversible change. The museum's collection showcases the breadth of his talent, from large-scale oil paintings brimming with detail and dramatic lighting to smaller, more intimate watercolors that reveal a nuanced understanding of color and form.

    Equally compelling are Remington’s bronze sculptures, which bring his subjects to life with remarkable realism and a palpable sense of movement. These aren't static figures; they

    feel

    alive, embodying the rugged individualism and untamed spirit of the West—a testament to Remington’s mastery of anatomy and his ability to capture fleeting moments in enduring form. Notable masterpieces such as

    "The Smoke Signal"

    and

    "The Grass Fire"

    allow viewers to witness the artist's ability to weave tension and atmosphere into every brushstroke, while works like

    "Guard of the Whiskey Trader"

    capture the unique camaraderie and grit of frontier life.

    A Singular Vision for Scholars and Collectors

    What truly sets the Frederic Remington Art Museum apart is its unwavering dedication to a single artist. Unlike encyclopedic museums that span centuries and continents, this institution offers an intensely focused exploration of one man’s creative journey. This singular focus allows for a depth of understanding rarely found elsewhere—visitors can trace the evolution of Remington's style, explore his recurring themes—such as heroism, solitude, and the confrontation between civilization and wilderness—and gain insight into the historical context that shaped his work. Beyond the artworks themselves, the museum houses a rich archive of personal letters, sketches, and photographs, providing invaluable glimpses into Remington’s creative process.

    Recent exhibitions have further illuminated lesser-known facets of Remington’s oeuvre, highlighting his contributions to illustration and exploring connections between his art and broader cultural trends. Particularly noteworthy was

    “Remington: The Artist as Ethnographer,”

    which examined the meticulous documentation of Native American cultures undertaken by Remington during his expeditions—a pioneering effort that anticipated many later anthropological studies. Today, the museum continues to serve as a vital center for artistic scholarship and cultural preservation, inviting art lovers, collectors, and interior designers alike to discover the profound beauty of a frontier captured in eternal stillness.

    Where to read more

    Find this online

    QR code linking to the download page for The Sun Dance

    originaluniqueart.com/en/art/download/frederic-remington-the-sun-dance-D688CX-en/

    Cite this artwork

    MLA
    Remington, Frederic. The Sun Dance. 1909, Frederic Remington Art Museum. https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/frederic-remington-the-sun-dance-D688CX-en/
    APA
    Remington, Frederic (1909). The Sun Dance [Painting]. Frederic Remington Art Museum. https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/frederic-remington-the-sun-dance-D688CX-en/
    Chicago
    Frederic Remington. The Sun Dance. 1909. Frederic Remington Art Museum. https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/frederic-remington-the-sun-dance-D688CX-en/
    Harvard
    Remington, Frederic (1909) The Sun Dance. Frederic Remington Art Museum. Available at: https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/frederic-remington-the-sun-dance-D688CX-en/

    Look closely

    The Sun Dance — Frederic Remington

    Look closely

    Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.

    1. What catches your eye first, and why?
    2. Which colours or shapes create the mood — and what is that mood?
    3. Our catalogue files this work under: native american ritual, sun dance ceremony, western landscape. Do you agree? What would you add, or take away?
    4. Look back at The Grass Fire (1908), earlier in this guide. Name two things it shares with this work, and one that is different.
    5. Frederic Remington was about 48 when this was made. What in it looks like the work of an artist at that stage?

    Your response

    Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.

    Art quiz

    The Sun Dance — Frederic Remington

    How well do you know this artwork?

    Tick one answer for each of the 5 questions below. Each has exactly one correct answer.

    1. 1. What is the primary subject matter depicted in Frederic Remington’s ‘The Sun Dance’?

      • A A Detailed portrait of a prominent Native American leader.
      • B A depiction of a ceremonial dance performed by Plains Indians.
      • C An expansive landscape showcasing the rugged beauty of the American West.
    2. 2. Approximately when was ‘The Sun Dance’ created?

      • A A. 1890 – A pivotal moment in the Reconstruction Era.
      • B B. 1909 – Marking the end of Remington's prolific Western artistic output.
      • C C. 1885 – During the height of the Gilded Age.
    3. 3. What artistic technique is predominantly employed by Frederic Remington in ‘The Sun Dance’?

      • A A. Impressionistic brushstrokes capturing fleeting moments.
      • B B. Photorealistic rendering emphasizing detail and accuracy.
      • C C. Stylized realism blending elements of Romanticism.
    4. 4. The image shows a central figure hanging from a wooden structure – what is the significance of this element within the context of Sun Dance ceremonies?

      • A A. It represents a symbol of mourning and remembrance.
      • B B. It symbolizes sacrifice and spiritual connection to the divine.
      • C C. It serves as a visual representation of the hardships faced by nomadic tribes.
    5. 5. Which artist collaborated with Zitkala-Sa on the opera ‘The Sun Dance’?

      • A A. Vincent van Gogh.
      • B B. William F. Hanson.
      • C C. Claude Monet.

    My score: ____ out of 5

    Answer key — for the teacher

    This starts a fresh printed page, so it can simply be left out of the copies.

    1B · 2B · 3C · 4B · 5B

    Check any answer against the catalogue record for this painting

    Questions & Answers

    At what size is "The Sun Dance" recommended to be printed?

    The recommended print size for "The Sun Dance" by Frederic Remington is large.

    Is "The Sun Dance" available as a fine art print?

    A print of "The Sun Dance" by Frederic Remington can be ordered directly on its Fine Art Print page: a fine art print on cotton canvas or archival canvas paper.

    How old was Frederic Remington when creating "The Sun Dance" in 1909?

    When "The Sun Dance" was created in 1909, Frederic Remington - born in 1861 - was 48 years old.