Saint Ansanus (Simone Martini, 1326) Et oliemalerie, malet i hånden kun til dig

The Figure and Composition

A vertical, bust-length portrait depicts Saint Ansanus against a textured gold leaf background. The subject possesses a pale complexion, large eyes, and wavy reddish-blonde hair. A circular golden halo surrounds his head. He wears a deep crimson or burgundy cloak draped over his shoulders, which features fine decorative borders. Beneath this, a dark teal or forest green tunic is visible, along with an orange cuff at the wrist. In his left hand, he holds a long, slender staff topped with a white pennant or flag. His right hand rests near a dark object, identified as a palm frond, across his chest. The lighting remains soft and even across the face, avoiding strong directional shadows.

Technique and Materiality

The work is executed in tempera on wood with a gold ground. Fine brushwork defines the contours of the face and the folds of the fabric. The artist employs hatching and glazing to create texture within the clothing and depth in the skin tones. The use of gold leaf creates a luminous surface that flattens the form, emphasizing the decorative qualities of the panel. Precise modeling is evident in the fingers as they grasp the staff. This piece was part of a five-panel altarpiece, which also included figures such as Saint Peter, Madonna and Child, Saint Andrew, and Saint Luke.

Historical Context and Symbolism

Created around 1326, this painting belongs to the Sienese tradition and reflects the International Gothic style. The subject, Saint Ansanus, was a patron saint of Siena, Italy. He holds the city's official black and white banner upon the staff. The palm branch held in his hand functions as a symbol of martyrdom. According to historical accounts, Ansanus was a member of a noble Roman family who was martyred under the Roman Emperor Diocletian. The composition and use of expensive materials like gold leaf and lapis lazuli indicate the importance of the commission, which was likely ordered by the civic government of Siena for use in the governor's mansion.