Paper
Name Class Date

Leonardo da Vinci, Study for an equestrian monument (recto) (1490), Royal Collection. Public domain. See this canvas under a moving light: the drawing, the true colour under the varnish, the bare pigment

The facts

Artist
Leonardo da Vinci originaluniqueart.com/en/artists/leonardo-da-vinci/
Artist’s dates
1452 – 1519
Painted
1490
Original size
18 x 15 cm
Movement
Renaissance The brief peak when balance, depth and anatomy came together — Leonardo, Raphael, Michelangelo.
Period
Renaissance
Held at
Royal Collection originaluniqueart.com/en/museums/royal-collection-london/
Artistic style
Humanist realism
Influences
Andrea del Verrocchio
Notable elements or techniques
Detailed pencil study; Dynamic pose
Subject or theme
Equestrian monument; Horse rearing

In context

Study for an equestrian monument (recto) — Leonardo da Vinci

How big is it?

The original measures 18 × 15 cm (height × width), drawn here beside an adult of average height.

When was this painted?

  1. 1450
  2. 1460
  3. 1470
  4. 1480
  5. 1490
  6. 1500
  7. 1510

Row above: the years. Row below: how old the artist was at the start and at the end of each span — 0 at birth, 67 at death.

Painted when the artist was 38. The artist lived to 67. 114 of the 395 dated works by this artist in our catalogue came earlier.

Shaded: the lifetime of Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) ▲ this work, 1490 every dated painting, decade by decade

First works: up to 1487 Main working years: 1487–1506 Late works: from 1506

Those three bands split the works this catalogue has a date for into a first quarter, a middle half and a last quarter. They are not the artist’s complete output: a thin stretch may be a gap in the record rather than a quiet spell. The same years with the artist’s life laid along them

Compare with

Pick one work above: name two things it shares with this one, and one thing that's different.

More works to set beside this one: originaluniqueart.com/en/art/similar/leonardo-da-vinci-study-for-an-equestrian-monument-recto-D3WGLE-en/

Colours

Measured from the image

    Main colour

    Gray #607984

    Catalogued palette

    • #607984
    • #7493A2
    • #51636A
    • #6B8A96

    These colours inside the artist’s whole palette Find other paintings by colour

    Palette
    Monochrome The dominant colour family in the image.
    Main colour name
    Gray
    Intensity
    Balanced How saturated and varied the colours are, from a single toned-down hue to many bright ones.
    Contrast
    Serene How much the colours differ in lightness and saturation across the picture.
    Harmony
    Unified Palette How well the colours work together, from clashing to fully unified.
    Brightness
    Bright How light or dark the picture reads overall, from deep shadow to bright highlight.
    Saturation
    Subtle Color How pure and strong the colours are, from near-grey to fully vivid.

    Where in the world is this painting looked at?

    • under 1%
    • 1–3%
    • 3–8%
    • 8–20%
    • 20% and over
    This painting alone has too few recorded visitors to map, so the plate reads every work by Leonardo da Vinci over the last twelve months — 109 countries in all. Where these figures come from

    The ten leading countries

    1. 1 Italy 24.7%
    2. 2 France 22.1%
    3. 3 China 12.1%
    4. 4 Spain 11.3%
    5. 5 United States of America 3.9%
    6. 6 Germany 2.1%
    7. 7 Hong Kong 2.1%
    8. 8 Singapore 2.1%
    9. 9 Japan 1.9%
    10. 10 South Korea 1.3%
    11. · 99 other countries 16.4%

    Find the three darkest countries on the map. Is the museum that keeps this painting in any of them? Write down one reason people far away might look at it.

    The 20 most looked-at works by Leonardo da Vinci

    1. 1 Mona Lisa (La Gioconda), 1519 45.5%
    2. 2 Vitruvian Man 7.2%
    3. 3 The Last Supper, 1495 3.7%
    4. 4 Lady with an ermine, Czart, 1490 2.6%
    5. 5 The Last Supper, 1495 2.0%
    6. 6 The Baptism of Christ, 1475 1.7%
    7. 7 Annunciation, 1472 1.6%
    8. 8 The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne, 1513 1.4%
    9. 9 Lady with an Ermine, 1490 1.3%
    10. 10 The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne, 1510 1.2%
    11. 11 The Last Supper, 1497 1.1%
    12. 12 Salvator Mundi, 1500 0.9%
    13. 13 Saint John the Baptist, 1515 0.6%
    14. 14 Virgin of the Rocks - London, 1486 0.5%
    15. 15 Madonna Litta, 1490 0.5%
    16. 16 Baptism of Christ, 1475 0.5%
    17. 17 Portrait of Ginevra de' Benci, 1474 0.4%
    18. 18 Portrait of an Unknown Woman (La Belle Ferroniere), 1490 0.4%
    19. 19 La belle Ferronière, 1490 0.4%
    20. 347 Study for an equestrian monument (recto), 1490 this painting 0.0%

    Together these works take 73.5% of all the attention this artist's paintings received over the last twelve months. The catalogue holds 548 works by this artist, of which 471 were looked at at least once. This painting ranks 347 of them, with 0.0% of that attention. The same counts, month by month

    Bars measure attention, not quality. Pick the work at the top and this one: name one thing that might make a painting famous beyond how well it is painted.

    About this artwork

    Study for an equestrian monument (recto) — Leonardo da Vinci

    Study for an equestrian monument (recto)

    Leonardo da Vinci’s Study for an equestrian monument (recto) is a captivating drawing that showcases the artist’s skill and creativity. Created in 1490, this piece measures 18 x 15 cm and is part of the Royal Collection at Buckingham Palace in London, United Kingdom. It represents a pivotal moment in Leonardo's artistic exploration—a preliminary sketch conceived for a monumental equestrian statue honoring Francesco Sforza, Duke of Milan. This ambitious project demanded meticulous observation and masterful execution, resulting in this remarkably detailed study that reveals much about Da Vinci’s approach to capturing movement and emotion.

    The Composition

    The drawing depicts a man riding on horseback, with the rider wearing armor, suggesting he might be a knight or warrior. The horse has its head raised, indicating alertness and attention to its surroundings. A blue background adds an interesting contrast to the scene, while smaller figures in the distance create depth and context. Leonardo’s genius lies in his ability to convey dynamism through static lines—the upward thrust of the horse's neck is balanced by the downward gaze of the rider, establishing a harmonious visual rhythm. The inclusion of a prostrate soldier beneath the horse serves as a powerful symbol of submission and reinforces the grandeur of the equestrian theme.

    Artistic Significance

    This study is significant because it demonstrates Leonardo da Vinci’s ability to capture dynamic movement and emotion through his art. It exemplifies his fascination with anatomical accuracy—evident in the precise rendering of the horse's musculature—and foreshadows the monumental sculpture he envisioned. Unlike many sketches of his time, this drawing isn’t merely a preparatory exercise; it embodies Leonardo’s artistic vision, demonstrating his commitment to exploring different poses and movements. The meticulous use of metalpoint technique—a method favored by Da Vinci for achieving exceptional tonal gradation—highlights his mastery of draughtsmanship and underscores the importance of detail in conveying psychological nuance.

    Other Relevant Works

    Leonardo da Vinci created several other notable works related to horses and riders, including:

    A cavalcade (16 x 19 cm, Royal Collection, London, United Kingdom)

    A rearing horse (15 x 14 cm, Royal Collection, London, United Kingdom)

    Recto: A study for the Trivulzio monument. Verso: A study for an equestrian monument (21 x 16 cm, Royal Collection, London, United Kingdom)

    These works showcase his fascination with horses and riders and demonstrate his ability to depict them in various poses and movements—a hallmark of Renaissance art.

    Museum Information

    The Royal Collection at Buckingham Palace is home to a vast array of artworks, including many by Leonardo da Vinci. The collection represents centuries of royal patronage and embodies the artistic heritage of Britain—a treasure trove for art historians and enthusiasts alike. Visiting this palace offers an unparalleled opportunity to immerse oneself in the splendor of European art history.

    Conclusion

    Leonardo da Vinci’s Study for an equestrian monument (recto) is a remarkable piece that highlights his artistic skill and creativity. It stands as a testament to the Renaissance spirit of innovation and ambition—a captivating glimpse into Da Vinci’s creative process and a symbol of enduring artistic excellence. For more information on Leonardo da Vinci's works and other artists, visit Buckingham Palace: A Museum of Royal Art and explore the extensive collection at AllPaintingsStore. Photo Description: The image is a painting of a man riding on the back of a horse. The man appears to be wearing armor, suggesting that he might be a knight or warrior. The horse has its head up, possibly indicating that it is alert and attentive to its surroundings. The painting features a blue background, which adds an interesting contrast to the scene. There are also several other people in the image, but they appear to be smaller and farther away from the main subject of the man on horseback. The overall composition of the painting is dynamic and captures the essence of equestrianism. Size: 18 x 15 cm Date: 1490

    Artist and museum

    Artist

    Leonardo da Vinci

    Born in Vinci, Italy

    The Boy from Vinci

    In the quiet hills near the village of Vinci, a child named Lionardo di ser Piero da Vinci entered a world that would never truly contain his restless mind. Born to a Florentine notary and a peasant woman, his very beginnings were marked by an unconventional path, as his illegitimacy meant he was not destined to follow in his father's legal footsteps. Instead, this freedom allowed him to wander into the workshop of Andrea del Verrocchio in Florence. It was here, amidst the scent of oils and the dust of marble, that a young apprentice learned that seeing was the highest form of understanding. He did not merely study the brush; he studied the way light clings to a curved surface and how shadow dissolves the edges of a limb.

    His early years in Florence were defined by this intense observation. He absorbed the technical rigors of metalworking, carpentry, and drawing, building a foundation that merged the physical with the cerebral. While others sought only to replicate what they saw, he sought to understand the mechanics behind it. This period of growth was not marked by a sudden burst of fame, but by a slow, methodical accumulation of knowledge that would later allow him to bridge the gap between the artist's eye and the scientist's inquiry.

    The Milanese Years and the Pursuit of Motion

    When the winds of political change blew toward Milan, Leonardo followed the service of Ludovico Sforza. This move transformed him from a talented painter into a multifaceted presence within the ducal court. He arrived not merely as an artist, but as an engineer and designer, tasked with creating fortifications and even theatrical stage sets. It was during this long residency in Milan that he began to grapple with the profound drama of human interaction. In the refectory of Santa Maria delle Grazie, he applied his observations of psychology to a large-scale fresco, capturing the precise, heavy moment of betrayal within a group of apostles.

    His mind during these years wandered far beyond the walls of the monastery. He filled notebooks with sketches of flying machines, advanced weaponry, and hydraulic systems, driven by a desire to map the hidden laws of nature. Yet, his ambitions often outpaced his ability to finish. A great equestrian statue, intended to honor the Sforza family, remained a dream of clay that was eventually shattered by invading French forces. This pattern of unfinished greatness followed him; he was a man who often found more satisfaction in the discovery of a principle than in the completion of a canvas.

    The Final Light in France

    A return to Florence brought with it a period of profound refinement. It was here that he worked on the portrait of a woman whose subtle, enigmatic expression would later haunt the halls of history. Through his use of sfumato, a technique where colors and tones blend so softly that they appear like smoke, he removed the harsh outlines of the world, creating an atmosphere that felt alive with breath and movement. His anatomical studies grew more precise during this time as well, fueled by his habit of dissecting cadavers to map the intricate architecture of bone and muscle.

    In his final years, under the invitation of King Francis I, Leonardo moved to the Château du Clos Lucé in France. Even as age perhaps slowed his hand, his intellect remained sharp, focused on the study of optics, geology, and botany. He died in 1519, leaving behind a legacy that was never truly finished, much like his many drawings. His life remains a singular example of what can be achieved when the boundaries between art and science are erased, proving that to truly see the world, one must be willing to study every shadow and every muscle within it.

    Museum

    Royal Collection

    On show in London, United Kingdom

    A Legacy of Majesty: Exploring The Royal Collection

    Within the venerable walls of Buckingham Palace and scattered across thirteen historic residences throughout the United Kingdom lies a treasure unlike any other – The Royal Collection. More than simply a museum, it’s a living chronicle of British monarchy, an intimate reflection of over eleven centuries of royal tastes, ambitions, and artistic patronage. This extraordinary assemblage, encompassing paintings, sculptures, furniture, textiles, and countless decorative arts, offers visitors an unparalleled journey through time, architecture, and the very heart of British cultural heritage. It's a testament to the enduring power of royal influence, meticulously curated and preserved as a legacy for generations to come.

    The story begins in earnest with Henry VIII, a man driven by a profound fascination with beauty and an unwavering determination to amass a remarkable array of artistic treasures. His reign marked the initial blossoming of what would become this monumental collection, fueled by ambitious commissions and a desire to showcase royal power. Considered a Renaissance patron at heart, Henry’s tastes leaned heavily towards Italian masters – Botticelli, Leonardo, and Raphael were all highly prized additions to his burgeoning collection. This early enthusiasm was further cultivated during Charles I's reign, whose decisive acquisition of the Gonzaga collection from Mantua cemented Italy’s profound influence on British artistic sensibilities – introducing a vibrant palette, dynamic compositions, and a focus on classical ideals that profoundly shaped subsequent generations of British artists. The sale of his remaining artworks after his execution, while heartbreaking, was strategically executed to ensure their preservation for posterity, fostering continued scholarly study and safeguarding these masterpieces from potential destruction.

    Today, The Royal Collection boasts an astonishing breadth of artistic talent, encompassing not only individual masterpieces but also a vast array of decorative arts. Intricately crafted furniture, opulent tapestries depicting scenes from mythology and history – often commissioned to commemorate momentous occasions – and dazzling collections of jewels all contribute to this unparalleled assemblage. These objects weren’t simply adornments; they were deliberately chosen to express royal authority, celebrate dynastic achievements, and reinforce the image of a powerful and enduring monarchy. Beyond the individual works themselves, consider the architectural context—each palace and residence is an integral part of the narrative, reflecting changing tastes and technological advancements over centuries. From the Tudor magnificence of Hampton Court Palace’s halls – a tangible reminder of Henry VIII's grandeur, with its vast Great Hall echoing with the sounds of courtly life – to the Georgian formality of Kensington Palace, each space has been thoughtfully adapted to complement and enhance the artworks housed within, creating an immersive environment that transcends mere visual appreciation. The spaces themselves are as much a part of the story as the objects they contain.

    Iconic Masterpieces: A Glimpse into Artistic Genius

    The Royal Collection is home to some of the world’s most celebrated works of art, each a testament to the artistic genius of its creator. Leonardo da Vinci's

    Study for an Equestrian Monument

    offers a rare glimpse into the mind of one of history’s greatest innovators – a preparatory sketch brimming with meticulous anatomical detail and reflecting his groundbreaking approach to artistic representation. Michelangelo’s

    The Risen Christ

    , embodying the artist’s unparalleled mastery of human form and conveying profound spiritual significance, stands as a monumental achievement of Renaissance sculpture; its sheer scale and emotive power are truly breathtaking. The bronze sculptures of Donatello – testaments to the enduring craftsmanship of the Italian Renaissance – invite contemplation on themes of humanity and faith, their surfaces worn smooth by centuries of observation. Rembrandt's portraits capture intimate glimpses into the lives of prominent figures, showcasing his masterful use of light and shadow and reflecting the stylistic hallmarks of his era; each brushstroke revealing a profound understanding of human psychology. And Van Dyck, Charles I’s personal painter, produced canvases that epitomized Baroque elegance and sophistication, capturing the regal bearing and refined tastes of the King – portraits that are not merely representations but windows into a world of courtly intrigue and artistic patronage.

    Beyond the Canvas: A Journey Through Royal Residences

    Exploring The Royal Collection is not a singular experience; it's a journey through thirteen royal residences, each offering a distinct perspective on its holdings and the tastes of successive monarchs. Hampton Court Palace, with its magnificent Tudor architecture and sprawling gardens – a tangible reminder of Henry VIII’s grandeur, with its vast Great Hall echoing with the sounds of courtly life – provides a captivating window into the era. Windsor Castle, the largest occupied castle in the world, showcases how artistic sensibilities evolved throughout subsequent reigns, reflecting changing fashions and cultural influences; from the opulent state apartments to the intimate private chambers, each room tells a story of royal life. Kensington Palace, once inhabited by generations of royals, houses a remarkable collection of portraits and decorative arts that illuminate the lives of British monarchs – offering glimpses into their personal passions and political strategies. Buckingham Palace itself, now home to King’s Gallery, presents a carefully curated selection of masterpieces for public viewing – a testament to the enduring legacy of royal patronage.

    A Living Legacy: Preservation and Engagement

    The Royal Collection Trust actively engages visitors with its holdings through compelling exhibitions that explore pivotal moments in art history and British cultural heritage. "The Edwardians: Age of Elegance” captivated audiences with its exploration of the opulent style and artistic sensibilities prevalent during the early 20th century, mirroring the grandeur of the palaces themselves. Similarly, "Drawing the Italian Renaissance" showcased exquisite drawings by masters like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo – demonstrating how artistic inspiration traversed continents and shaped artistic practice. Current exhibitions continue to delve into specific themes and periods within the Collection’s vast holdings, offering fresh perspectives on these iconic works and ensuring that the legacy of royal patronage remains vibrant and accessible to all. The Trust's commitment extends beyond static displays, with ongoing efforts to digitize the collection and make it available to a global audience through online resources and virtual tours.

    Where to read more

    Find this online

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    Cite this artwork

    MLA
    Vinci, Leonardo da. Study for an equestrian monument (recto). 1490, Royal Collection. https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/leonardo-da-vinci-study-for-an-equestrian-monument-recto-D3WGLE-en/
    APA
    Vinci, Leonardo da (1490). Study for an equestrian monument (recto) [Painting]. Royal Collection. https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/leonardo-da-vinci-study-for-an-equestrian-monument-recto-D3WGLE-en/
    Chicago
    Leonardo da Vinci. Study for an equestrian monument (recto). 1490. Royal Collection. https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/leonardo-da-vinci-study-for-an-equestrian-monument-recto-D3WGLE-en/
    Harvard
    Vinci, Leonardo da (1490) Study for an equestrian monument (recto). Royal Collection. Available at: https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/leonardo-da-vinci-study-for-an-equestrian-monument-recto-D3WGLE-en/

    Look closely

    Study for an equestrian monument (recto) — Leonardo da Vinci

    Look closely

    Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.

    1. What catches your eye first, and why?
    2. Which colours or shapes create the mood — and what is that mood?
    3. Our catalogue files this work under: equestrian monument, leonardo da vinci, renaissance art. Do you agree? What would you add, or take away?
    4. Look back at Mona Lisa (La Gioconda) (1519), earlier in this guide. Name two things it shares with this work, and one that is different.
    5. Renaissance: The brief peak when balance, depth and anatomy came together — Leonardo, Raphael, Michelangelo. Where can you see that in this work?

    Your response

    Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.

    Questions & Answers

    Who is the artist behind "Study for an equestrian monument (recto)"?

    "Study for an equestrian monument (recto)" was created by Leonardo da Vinci. The information on this page describes Leonardo da Vinci's original work.

    How does "Study for an equestrian monument (recto)" balance light and dark?

    The recorded values for "Study for an equestrian monument (recto)" by Leonardo da Vinci are: bright brightness, gentle luminance luminance.

    What explains the copyright situation of "Study for an equestrian monument (recto)" by Leonardo da Vinci?

    The copyright status of "Study for an equestrian monument (recto)" - in the public domain - its copyright has expired - follows from the artist's death in 1519.