86 Famous Surrealist Umetniki Who Shaped the Movement

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Remedios Varo 1908–1963

Španska-meška Born in Anglès Para-surrealizem Wikipedia in 19/32 languages

V tihih kotičkih svojega studia je Remedios Varo delala z natančnostjo, ki je odsevašala tehnične risbe njenega očeta, hidravličnega inženirja. Njeno otroštvo v Anglèsu v Španiji je postavilo temelj dvojnosti. Skozi svet se je premikala z radovednim pogledom, vpijajoč pokrajine njenih pogostih selitev in formalno izobrazbo, ki jo je pridela na Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando v Madridu.

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Leonora Carrington 1917–2011

Britansko-meška Born in Clayton-le-Woods Surrealizem Wikipedia in 22/32 languages

Rodila se je Mary Leonora Carrington leta 1917 v zelenem objemu Clayton Woodsa v Lancasteru v Angliji. Carringtonova formalna umetniška izobrazba se je nadaljevala v Londonu na Chelsea School of Art (1935), nato pa s študijem na Ozenfant Academy, kjer je izpilila svoje tehnične veščine. Vendar pa je bil to njeno usodnobotno srečanje z Maxom Ernstom leta 1937, ki je neopozirno spremenilo pot njene umetniške poti.

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Yves Tanguy 1900–1955

Born in 8. pariško okrožje Wikipedia in 26/32 languages

Ključni trenutek se je zgodil leta 1923, ko je med vožnjo z avtobusom skozi Pariz zagledal slike Giorgio de Chirica. Dela, kot je “Slowly Toward The North” (1942), ponazarjajo to prestrašujočo kakovost, ki gledalca vleče v zapuščeno, a čudno privlačno svet. Tanguyjevo življenje se je leta 1939 z르게 obrnilo, ko je s svojo prvo ženo Jeannette Ducrocq pobegnil iz Evrope pred prihajajočo senco druge svetovne vojne.

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Dorothea Tanning 1910–2012

Američka Born in Galesburg Surrealizem Wikipedia in 20/32 languages

Dorothea Margaret Tanning, rojena 25. avgusta 1910 v Galesburgu, Illinois, je prišla iz linije švedskih immigrantov, od katerih je podarila tiho trdnost, ki bo subtilno podpirala njeno drzne in domišljajno umetnost. Kratek štek v Knox College med letoma 1av 1928 in 1930 se je predal privlačnosti Chicaga, nato pa, leta 1935, energični magnetičnosti New York Cityja.

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Leonor Fini 1907–1996

Argentinska-italienska Born in Buenos Aires Surrealizem Wikipedia in 16/32 languages

Ustvarjalni talenti Leonor Fini so se razvijali daleč zdlaj_og platna. Leta 1949 je koncepčirala in zasnovala Le rêve de Leonor („Leonorijev san“), balet, ki ga je koreografiral Frederick Ashton z glasbo Benjamina Brittena—kar je potrdilo njeno sposobnost prevajanja umetniške vizije v popolnoma drugačen medij.

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André Masson 1896–1987

Born in Balagny-sur-Thérain Wikipedia in 21/32 languages

André Masson, rojen 4. januarja 1896 v Balagny-sur-Thérainu v Franciji, je bil izjemno pomemben lik v zgodovini moderne umetnosti, predvsem pa eden vodilnih predstavnikov nadrealizma. Njegova umetniška pot se je začela že v mladosti, ko se je pri enajstih letih vpisal na Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts v Bruslju pod mentorstvo Constant Montalda.

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Meret Oppenheim 1913–1985

Švicsko-nemalška Born in Berlin Surrealizem Wikipedia in 18/32 languages

Meret Oppenheim se je rodila leta 1913 v Berlinu, v Nemčiji, vendar je njena pot, ki jo je oblikovala izjemna umetniška vizija, začela v Švici. Umetniška pot Meret Oppenheim se je začela z pomembnim korakom v Parizu leta 1932, kjer je študirala na prestižni Académie de la Grande Chaumière.

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Wifredo Lam 1902–1982

Kubaški Born in Sagua La Grande Surrealizem, kubizem Wikipedia in 16/32 languages

Wifredo Óscar de la Concepción Lam y Castilla, znan preprosto kot Wifredo Lam, je bil slikar, ki je v 20. stoletju utelesil vse zapletenosti kulturne identitete. Rodil se je leta 1902 v Sagua La Grande na Kubi, njegova linija pa je sama po sebi govorila o plastni zgodovini otoka – njegov oče je bil potomok kitajskih immigrantov, mati pa je svoje korenine povezovala s španskimi osvajalci in ustremljenimi Afrikanci.

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Victor Brauner 1903–1966

Rumunsko-francijski Born in Piatra Neamț Surrealizem Wikipedia in 14/32 languages

Victor Brauner, rojen v Piatra Neamt v Romuniji leta 1903, se je odpravil na umetniško potomerjeno z duhovnimi tokovi in nemirno raziskovanjem forme. Privlačnost Pariza se je izkazala neustavljiva, zato je Brauner svoje prvo potovanje tja opravil leta zględ 1925 in se vrnil ponovno leta 1927.

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Roberto Matta 1911–2002

Chilean Born in Santiago ['Surrealizem', 'Abstraktni ekspresionizem'] Wikipedia in 15/32 languages

Rodjen: 11. november 1911, Santiago, Chile Umrl: 23. marec 2002, Civitavecchia, Italija Roberto Sebastián Antonio Matta Echaurren, znan kot Roberto Matta, je bil čilenski slikar in arhitekt, ki je s svojo umetnostjo močno vplival na abstraktni ekspresionizem in surrealistično umetnost. Njegova pot se je začela z arhitektonskim temeljom, saj je študiral arhitekturo na Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, kjer je diplomiral leta 1935.

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Felix Nussbaum 1904–1944

Nemško-židovski Born in Osnabrück Surrealizem, Nova objektivnost Wikipedia in 17/32 languages

Rod in Osnabrück v Nemčiji leta 1904, je njegovo življenje odtvarjalo v ozadju vzrastajočega nacionalizma in eskalacije preganjanja, kar se je končalo s grozotami Holokausta. Nussbaumova umetniška pot se je začela z urimi študiji v Hamburgu in Berlinu leta 1920, in se je nadaljevala, dokler so okoliščine to dopušale.

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Joseph Cornell 1903–1972

Born in Nyack Wikipedia in 14/32 languages

Joseph Cornell, rojen na božični večer leta 1903 v Nyacku, New York, ostaja ena najbolj edinstvenih in globoko ganljivih osebnosti ameriške umetnosti. Sanjarska logika in sprejemanje iracionalnega, ki ga najdemo v delih umetnikov kot sta Max Ernst in René Magritte, so globoko odmevali s Cornello lastno nagnjenostjo k poetičnemu sestavljanju. Dela kot Medici Princess (1948) to popolnoma ponazarjajo – nežna ureditev, ki prikliče renesančno Italijo, filtrirano skozi objektiv osebne fantazije.

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Ernst Fuchs 1930–2015

Avstrijec Born in Dunaj Fantastični realizem Wikipedia in 16/32 languages

Ernst Fuchs (1930–2015) je bil veliko več kot le slikar; bil je multidisciplinarni vizionar, ki je vtkal niti videnjskosti v rangkaiane videnja, arhitekture, glasbe in poezije, da bi ustvaril edinstven, halucinatorno naravo vesolje. Rod Jen v Dunaju v obdobju globokih zgodovinskih premen, Fuchs se je iz ruševin povojnem obdobja izlomil ne s porazom, temvezględ z neugasljivo župo za sublimno.

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Paul Delvaux 1897–1994

Belgijski Born in Huy Surrealizem Wikipedia in 24/32 languages

Paul Delvaux se je na svet prišel 23. septembra 1897 v Antheitu, lokaciji v belgijski pokrajini Liège, ki je od takrat postala del Wanzeja. Ta premik med provincijskim peččem Liègeja in urbanim središčem Bruselja je prinesel temeljni kontrast njegovim kasnejšim, vse bolj enostavnim in globokim umetniškim zapletom. Živel je dolgo in bogato življenje, pri svojem umetniškem delu pa je ostal aktiven vse do smrti, ki je nastopila 20. julija 1994.

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Dora Maar 1907–1997

French Born in 6th arrondissement of Paris Surrealist Photography Wikipedia in 22/32 languages

Dora Maar (Henriette Theodora Markovitch, 1907-1997) remains a captivating figure in the annals of 20th-century art – a photographer, painter, and intellectual whose life was inextricably intertwined with the turbulent currents of Surrealism, political activism, and the passionate intensity of her relationship with Pablo Picasso. Following her introduction to Pablo Picasso in 1935, she became deeply involved in leftist groups like “masses” and the Union of Intellectuals against Fascism, reflecting a commitment to social justice that permeated much of her work.

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Elsa Schiaparelli 1890–1973

Italijanka Born in Rim Surrealistična moda

Njen oče, Celestino Schiaparelli, priznani učenjak islamskih študij in sanskrt, je ustvaril okolje, bogato z znanjem, medtem ko je njen stric, astronom Giovanni Schiaparelli – znan po svojih opazovanjih marsihskih "kanalov" – v njej vzbudil doživljotno fascinacijo nad kozmosom in nekonvencionalnostjo.

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Paul Nash 1889–1946

Britanec Born in Kensington Surrealizem, Modernizem

Izobraževanje: Obiskal je Parsons School of Art in kasneje Slade School of Fine Art. Čeprav je bil izstopajoč v slikanju pejzažev, se je soočal s težavami pri risanju figurativnih motivov. Skupina Unit One: Zmanjšal je razdaljo med različnimi slogi s soustanovanjem skupine Unit One leta 1933 skupaj z Benom Nicholsonom in Barbaro Hepworth, ki je bila pomembna v britanski umetni sceni.

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Luis Royo rojen 1954

Španski Born in Olalla Fantasy ilustracija

Rodjen v mirnih pejzažih Olalle v Španiji leta 1954, je Luis Royo izstopil kot ključna figura v ilustraciji fantasy, saj je ustvarjal svetove, ki utripajo z eterično lepoto in hkrati s prehodecno temnoto globino.

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Julien Levy 1906–1981

Ameriški Born in New York Surrealizem, Avantgarda

Julien Levy, izjemno vplivni ljubitelj umetnosti in lastnik galerije Julien Levy v New Yorku, se je rodil 22. januarja 1906. Levyjeve povezave z Marcelom Duchampom so mu odprle vrata v svet umetnikov, kot sta Man Ray in Berenice Abbott, kar je privedlo do njegove dragocene pridobitve dela arhive Eugènea Atgeta.

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Jim Warren rojen 1949

Ameriški Born in Long Beach Surrealistična fantazija

Warren se je rodil 24. novembra 1949 v Long Beachu v Kaliforniji, njegova umetniška pot pa se je začela naravno — otroško fasciniranje s slikanjem se je razvil v življenjsko predanost ustvarjanju sanličnih slik, ki gledalce popeljejo v fantastična kraljestva.

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Michael Parkes rojen 1944

Born in Sikeston

Občuduje renesančne mojstre – Leonarda da Vincija in Michelangela – za njihovo anatomsko natančnost in mojstrske kompozicije, hkrati pa priznava provokacije nadrealista Salvadora Dalíja. Tri gracije na primer – slika, ki je bila prominentno predstavljena v Danu Brownovem Izgubljenem simbolu – ni samo lepa upodobitev mitoloških figur, ampak zapletena alegorija, ki ponuja plasti interpretacij.

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Maurice Tabard 1897–1984

French Born in Lyon Surrealism

Maurice Tabard, born in Lyon, France on July 12, 1897, emerged as a significant figure within the burgeoning Surrealist movement, though his path to artistic recognition was uniquely shaped by a blend of familial influence and transatlantic experience. While Tabard’s career wasn't solely defined by Surrealism – he also worked as a set photographer and documentary filmmaker in the 1940s, and spent time teaching in the United States – his contributions to the movement remain significant.

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George Wallace Jardine 1920–2002

British Surrealism

Born in Glasgow, Jardine’s artistic journey began with formative years spent studying at Wallasey School of Art and furthering his education at the Royal College of Art under luminaries like Paul Nash and Stanley Spencer. The historical significance of George Wallace Jardine lies in his ability to bridge the gap between traditional landscape painting and the avant-garde surrealist movement.

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Graham Sutherland 1903–1980

Britanec Born in Streatham Surrealizem Wikipedia in 13/32 languages

Graham Vivian Sutherland, titan britanskega modernizma, je posedoval redko sposobnost, da znane konture naravnega sveta spremeni v nekaj globoko porajujočega in duhovno pomembnega. Rodjen v Streathamu v Londonu leta 1903, je Sutherlandova pot bila pot nenežne metamorfoze. Čeprav so njegova zgodnja leta oblikovala klasična izobraževanja na Epsom College, se je njegovo pravo poklicno zanimanje pojavilo daleč od pravničkih krogov njegove družine.

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Claude Cahun 1894–1954

French Born in Nantes Surrealism

Rejecting the polished realism favored by many artists, she embraced a deliberately unsettling aesthetic—often employing double exposures and photomontage to create images that simultaneously reveal and conceal. During World War II, Cahun actively participated in the French Resistance movement, utilizing her artistic skills to disseminate propaganda and support underground networks.

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Oleksandr Aksinin 1949–1985

Born in Lviv

Rodjen v Lvivu na Ukrajini leta 1949, Oleksandr Aksinin se je izstopal kot pomembna osebnost v sovjetski umetniški sceni. Čeprav so podrobnosti o njegovem zgodnjem življenju nekoliko redke, je bila njegova predanost umetniškemu delu nepoporen že od mladosti. Ta pedantni pristop mu je prinesel pripetje »Dürer iz Lviva«, kar je edinsto spovedanje njegove tehnične izobraznosti in umetniške vizije.

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Octavio Ocampo rojen 1943

Born in Celaya Wikipedia in 9/32 languages

Octavio Ocampo, rojen leta 1943 v živahnem mestu Celaya, Guanajuato, Mehika, je ime sinonim za metamorfični surrealizem – slog, ki ga ni zgolj sprejel, ampak ga je vključil v svoje bistvo.

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Frederick Sommer 1905–1999

American Photography, Surrealism

Frederick Sommer (1905 – 1999) stands as a singular figure in American photography and visual art, recognized for his hauntingly beautiful desert landscapes and his pioneering exploration of photographic techniques.

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Saul Steinberg 1914–1999

Romanian-American Born in Râmnicu Sărat Modernist Cartooning Wikipedia in 17/32 languages

To encounter the work of Saul Steinberg is to step into a realm where the boundaries between thought and line, between reality and metaphor, begin to dissolve. However, the rising tide of antisemitic legislation in Europe forced him into a life of transit, leading him through the Dominican Republic before he finally reached New York City in 1942. He left behind an immense body of work that continues to resonate in museums and collections worldwide, from the Smithsonian American Art Museum to the archives of the most storied publications.

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Luigi Serafini rojen 1949

italijanska Born in Rim Futuristična umetnost

Luigi Serafini, rojen v Rimu leta 1949, zaseda edinstven prostor v sodobni človeški predstavljanju, saj deluje tako kot arhitekt fizičnih struktur in kartograf nemogočih svetov. Zaradi umetniškega dediščine, v kateri je odrastel, so bili Serafinijevi zgodnji dnevi prežeti z niancami oblike in oblikovanja – temeljom, ki mu je kasneje omogočil premostitev vrzeli med strogo logiko arhitekture in tekočim kaosom surrealistične fantazije.

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Oscar Dominguez 1906–1957

Born in San Cristóbal de La Laguna Wikipedia in 10/32 languages

Domínguez, španski surrealistični slikar, se je rodil 3. januarja 1906 v San Cristóbal de La Laguna na Tenerifih, na Kanarskih otokih. Ta obdobje je bilo ključno za njegov umetniški razvoj, saj je obiskoval umetniške šole, galerije in muzeje, hkrati pa je črpal navdih pri avantgardnih slikarjih, kot sta Yves Tanguy in Pablo Picasso. Leta 1933 je Domínguez spoznal André Bretona, vodilnega teoretičarka surrealizma, in pesnika Paula Éluarda.

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Hans Bellmer 1902–1975

German Born in Katovice Surrealism, Photography Wikipedia in 15/32 languages

While primarily known for his dolls, Bellmer’s photographic work is equally significant. His photographs are characterized by a stark, almost clinical aesthetic, often employing unusual lighting and unsettling compositions. However, following the war, Bellmer's work gained recognition within Surrealist circles in Paris, where he sought refuge from Nazi persecution.

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Michael Sowa rojen 1945

Michael Sowa (rojen leta 1945) je nemški slikar, znan po svojem edinstvenem stilu – čarobnih, surrealističnih slikah z antropomorfnimi živalmi – ki so si pridobile mednarodno priznanje. Rojstni kraj Munchen, Nemčija, Sowa se je umetnosti začel posvečati že v zgodnjem otroštvu, ko ga je očarala risba in kiparstvo, spodbujano na Državni šoli za likovno umetnost v Berlinu.

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Jacek Yerka rojen 1952

Born in Trst

Rojen leta 1952 v Torunju na Poljski, Jacek Yerka je izrastel iz globoko umetniške družine. Kljub temu mu je njegov talent za skiciranje v srednji šoli prinesel veliko spoštovanje. Čeprav je sprva razmišljal o karieri v astronomiji ali medicini, se je Yerka na koncu odločil za študij likovne umetnosti in grafičnega oblikovanja.

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Angus Rowland Mcbean 1904–1990

Born in Monmouth, New Jersey

McBean’s initial artistic pursuits lay in the realm of theatrical design. He began his career crafting masks and scenery, developing a keen eye for visual storytelling and dramatic presentation. While specific artistic influences are not widely documented, his work demonstrates an affinity for the dramatic lighting and composition techniques prevalent in early 20th-century portraiture.

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Wolfgang Paalen 1905–1959

Austrian-Mexican Born in Vienna Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism Wikipedia in 9/32 languages

His father, Gustav Robert Paalen, was a successful inventor – the mind behind innovations like the vacuum cleaner and Thermos bottle – whose own background blended Polish-Ashkenazi and Spanish-Sephardic heritage. Initial guidance came from German painter Leo von König, nurturing Paalen’s nascent talent and setting him on a path toward artistic expression. He briefly rejoined them between 1951 and 1954 during a sojourn in Paris, but his creative energies were increasingly focused on developing what he termed “ Spaciales ” – paintings that sought to create immersive spatial environments through an extension of his fumage technique.

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Clarence John Laughlin 1905–1985

American Surrealist photography

Dody Weston Thompson, a talented model and photographer in her own right, became a frequent collaborator, lending her beauty and presence to many of his staged compositions.

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Wilhelm Freddie 1909–1995

Danski Born in Kopenhagen Abstraktna slikarstvo, realistični surrealizem Wikipedia in 12/32 languages

Rodjen 7. februarja 1909 v Københavnu na Danski, Christian Frederik Wilhelm Carlsen, ki ga bomo poznali kot Wilhelm Freddie, je živel življenje, ki ga je opredeloval nenehni razvoj novih vizualnih jezikov. Med letoma 1929 in 1930 je opravljal podlearnstvo za kiparja na Tehnični šoli, obdobje, ki mu je utrdilo razumevanje forme in fizične prisotnosti.

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Manuel Álvarez Bravo 1902–2002

Mexican Surrealist photography; Mexican muralism

Rejecting conventional picturesque aesthetics, Bravo deliberately avoided stereotyping, prioritizing subtlety and nuance in his compositions. His early work was rooted in European influences, but he soon became deeply moved by the Mexican muralism movement and the general cultural and political push to redefine the nation's soul. Throughout his career, which spanned from the late 1920s to the 1990s, he achieved numerous accolades, particularly after 1970, and his contributions were recognized by the inclusion of his work on UNESCO's Memory of the World International Register in 2017.

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Sergei Parajanov 1924–1990

Armenian, Ukrainian Born in Tbilisi Surrealism, Folklore

His life, tragically cut short by lung cancer in 1990, became intertwined with the turbulent currents of Soviet history, transforming his artistic vision into both a triumph of creativity and a poignant symbol of suppressed expression. He is buried at Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan, a fitting tribute to a man whose spirit remains inextricably linked to the soul of Armenia.

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Eileen Agar 1899–1991

Argentine-British Born in Buenos Aires Surrealism Wikipedia in 9/32 languages

Eileen Forrester Agar, born in the vibrant city of Buenos Aires in 1899 to a Scottish father and American mother, was an artist whose life and work embodied a fascinating interplay of cultures and artistic movements. A period of study in Paris between 1928 and 1930 proved pivotal, exposing her to the intellectual ferment that would soon define Surrealism. Following World War II, Agar experienced a renewed period of artistic productivity, marked by numerous solo exhibitions beginning in 1946.

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George Condo rojen 1957

Ameriški Born in Concord Artificial Realism Wikipedia in 7/32 languages

George Condo, rojen leta 1957 v Concordu v New Hampshireju, se je v sodobno umetnost vstopil kot ključna figura, ki je oblikovala popolnoma edinstven vizualni jezik – tistega, ki ga je sam imenoval "Artificial Realism" ali umetni realizem. Srečanje z Jean-Michelom Basquiatom leta 1979 se je izkazalo za preobrazbno, saj ga je spodbudilo k preselitvi v New York City in popolni potopitvi v cvetelo svet umetnosti.

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Mário Cesariny 1923–2006

Portugalec Born in Lisabon Surrealizem, poezija

Rojen v Lisabonu, v Portugalski, 9. avgusta 1923, v družini, ki je bila zaznamovana tako s privilegi kot z nemim nemočjo, se je Mário Cesariny de Vasconcelos izrinjal kot eden najpreprojnejših glasov portugalskega surrealizma. Njegov oče, Viriato de Vasconcelos, vešč zlodar, in njegova mati, María de las Mercedes Cesariny, Španinka francoskega izvora, sta doživela zakonske težave, ki so senco zavetile nad družinsko domovino.

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Piroska Szanto 1913–1998

Hungarian Born in Kiskunfélegyháza Surrealism

This artist colony, brimming with innovative minds like Endre Bálint, Dezső Korniss, and Lajos Vajda, became a crucible for her developing style.

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Artur Cruzeiro Seixas 1920–2020

Born in Amadora 1920s Art Deco

Upon returning to Portugal in 1964, Seixas continued to push the boundaries of artistic expression. His collaboration with Natália Correia on the renowned “Anthology of Erotic and Satirical Portuguese Poetry” in 1966 showcased his ability to seamlessly blend visual art with literary themes. Seixas’s artistic journey began in the fertile intellectual environment of António Arroio School, where he forged lasting friendships with key figures who would shape Portugal's cultural landscape: Mário Cesariny, Marcelino Vespeira, Júlio Pomar, and Fernando Azevedo.

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Pavel Tchelitchew 1898–1957

rojen v Rusiji Born in Dubrovka Surrealizem, Neo-romantizem Wikipedia in 7/32 languages

Skozi Sitwelline povezave se je vključil v literarne krogove in dobil vpogled v nove umetnostne filozofije.

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Marcelo Grassmann 1925–2013

Brazilian Born in Sao Joao do Rio Preto Engraving and draughtsmanship

Initially pursued sculpture before discovering his passion for engraving in the 1940s. Influenced by Austrian artist Alfred Kubin and prominent Brazilian engravers Oswaldo Goeldi and Livio Abramo. Influence on Subsequent Artists: His unique style and technical skill have inspired generations of artists in Brazil and beyond.

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María Izquierdo 1902–1955

Meksikanka Born in San Juan de los Lagos Surrealizem, ljudska umetnost Wikipedia in 11/32 languages

María Izquierdo Rodríguez, pionirska meksička slikarica, se je rodila 30. oktobra 1902 v San Juan de los Lagos, Jalisco, na Meksiki. Ta predvodnica je svoje življenje in kariero posvetila slikanju umetnosti, ki je z ponosom izpostavljala njene meksičke korenine, s čim se je uspešno vzpostavila med znamenitimi mešičkimi moškimi umetniki, kot so Diego Rivera, José Clemente Obrezco in David Alfaro Siqueiros.

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Kay Sage 1898–1963

American Born in Watervliet Surrealism Wikipedia in 11/32 languages

For a decade following her marriage to Italian Prince Ranieri di San Faustino in 1925, Sage largely abandoned painting, embracing the social obligations inherent in aristocratic life. Their connection sparked a profound creative synergy; they married in 1940 and settled in Woodbury, Connecticut, becoming central figures within a community of exiled Surrealist artists. Despite facing challenges as a woman artist in a male-dominated field, Sage exhibited her work at prominent galleries such as Pierre Matisse Gallery and Catherine Viviano Gallery in New York City, and participated in group exhibitions including the Salon des Surindépendants in Paris.

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Xul Solar 1887–1963

Argentinski Born in San Fernando Avantgarda, Surrealizem Wikipedia in 9/32 languages

Oscar Agustín Alejandro Schulz Solari, celemu svetu znano kot Xul Solar, je bil lik, ki se je zavračal vsakega lahkega razvrščanja. Rodil se je leta 1887 v San Fernandu v Argentini, njegovo življenje in umetnost pa sta predstavljala živoporno tapiserijo, voteno z niti kosmopolitanske vzgoje, ezoterične raziskave in neomajne predanosti umetniškemu inoviranju.

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Richard Oelze 1900–1980

German Born in Magdeburg Surrealism Wikipedia in 7/32 languages

As a painter, draftsperson, and graphic artist, Oelze was regarded as a significant figure in surrealism. His work is characterized by a secretive representation of landscape and figural compositions, often rendered with a level of detail reminiscent of the old masters.

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Hedda Sterne 1910–2011

Rumunska-Američanka Born in Bukarešta Abstraktni ekspresionizem, Surrealizem Wikipedia in 8/32 languages

Hedda Sterne, rojena kot Hedwig Lindenberg v Bukarestu v Romuniji leta 1910, je bila umetnica, katere življenje in delo so utripala na fascinantnem stičišču kultur, gibanj in osebne filozofije. Njena formalna izobrazba se je začela leta 1918 pod mentorstvom Fredericca Storcka, kiparja, ki je učil tudi njenega učitelja Maxa Hermanna Maxyja, s čimer se je vključila v pot, ki jo bo povezala z nekaterimi najpomembnejšimi umetniškimi tokovi dv twentiethnega stoletja.

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Pierre Roy 1880–1950

French Born in Nantes Surrealist Wikipedia in 7/32 languages

Born in 1880, Pierre Roy was a French surrealist painter. A significant moment in his career occurred in 1925 when he participated in the first exhibition of surrealist painters alongside figures such as Giorgio de Chirico, Max Ernst, and Pablo Picasso.

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Ithell Colquhoun 1906–1988

British Born in Shillong Surrealism, Occult art Wikipedia in 6/32 languages

In 1946, Colquhoun established a studio near Penzance, Cornwall, while maintaining a residence in London.

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Francisco Toledo 1940–2019

Meksikanski Born in Ciudad de México Surrealizem, ljudska umetnost Wikipedia in 10/32 languages

Francisco Benjamín López Toledo, rojen v Juchitán de Zaragoza v Oaxaci leta 1940, ni bil le umetnik; bil je kulturni arhitekt, strasten zagovornik svoje domovine in ena najbolj globokih vplivnih sodobnih oseb v Meksiki.

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Margit Anna 1913–1991

Madžarska Born in Borota Ekspresionizem, Surrealizem Wikipedia in 8/32 languages

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Jacqueline Lamba 1910–1993

French Born in Saint-Mandé Surrealism Wikipedia in 6/32 languages

Their connection was nothing short of cinematic—a romance ignited by the sight of Lamba performing as a nude underwater dancer at the Coliseum, an image that would forever haunt Breton’s memory. While historical narratives often relegated her to the role of the muse or the devoted spouse, Lamba was far more than a silent inspiration.

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Vlady 1920–2005

Modern Art

Vlady’s artistic development has been marked by a consistent dedication to traditional oil painting techniques. He avoids overt brushstrokes, preferring to create smooth, seamless surfaces that enhance the ethereal quality of his figures. The Power of Light: Vlady’s meticulous attention to light is central to his artistic vision.

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Caleb Lewis

Australian

This process is deeply personal, functioning as a way to dissipate nervous energy and find a sense of equilibrium. The concentration required to place each point allows for a quiet stillness, turning a repetitive motion into a means of managing internal noise.

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Raquel Forner 1902–1988

Argentine Born in Buenos Aires Expressionism, Surrealism Wikipedia in 5/32 languages

Raquel Forner (1902–1988) stands as a monumental figure in the landscape of Latin American modernism, an artist whose brushstrokes did not merely capture light, but rather channeled the profound tremors of a century defined by upheaval. Her accolades were numerous, including prestigious awards from the Argentine National Salon and the Konex Awards, reflecting both domestic respect and international relevance.

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Lubo Kristek rojen 1943

Češko Born in Brno ['Konceptualna umetnost', 'Surrealizem', 'Performance umetnost'] Wikipedia in 6/32 languages

Rodjen v Brnu na Češkem, leta 1943, se je Lubo Kristek pojavil kot pomemben glas na evropski umetni sceni po drugi svetovni vojni, pri čemer se je upiral lahkemu razvrščanju med sloge.

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James Gleeson 1915–2008

Avstralec Born in Avstralija Surrealizem Wikipedia in 4/32 languages

James Timothy Gleeson (1915–2008) ni bil le temak umetnik; bil je čarobnjak pokrajin, tkalec nočnih grozov in san, in morda prvi pravi avstralski surrealist. Gleesonovo zgodnje življenje, rojeno v Hornsbyju v New South Walesu, je bilo zaznamovano z globokim občutkom izgnanstva.

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Julian Trevelyan 1910–1988

Britanec Born in Dorking Surrealizem, grafika Wikipedia in 3/32 languages

Julian Otto Trevelyan, rojen leta 1910 v Dorkingu v Surreys, je bil oseba, ki je s svobodnim duhom in globoko osebno vizijo pomovirila skozi tokove britanske umetnosti 20. stoletja. Tu se je srečal z nekaterimi najpomembnejšega obrazi avantgarde – Max Ernst, Oskar Kokoschka, Joan Miró in Pablo Picasso – umetniki, ki so izzivali konvencionalne predstavitve in sprejeli moč podzavesti.

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Jeffrey Smart 1921–2013

Australian Born in Adelaide Precisionism Wikipedia in 5/32 languages

Frank Jeffrey Edson Smart, known universally as Jeffrey Smart, emerged onto the Australian art scene from a childhood steeped in both encouragement and constraint. His early work reflected this exposure, alongside an engagement with local maritime artist John Giles, painting industrial landscapes around Port Adelaide – scenes that foreshadowed his later preoccupation with urban environments. A subsequent period on the island of Ischia in 1950, shared with fellow Australian painters Donald Friend, Michael Shannon, and Jacqueline Hick, further solidified his artistic direction.

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Conroy Maddox 1912–2005

English Born in Ledbury Surrealism Wikipedia in 4/32 languages

Maddox’s artistic techniques were as unconventional as his subject matter. He rejected traditional painting methods, embracing collage, frottage, and decalcomania—techniques that allowed for chance encounters and the emergence of unexpected forms. Conroy Maddox died in London in 2005 at the age of 92, leaving behind a remarkable body of work that continues to captivate and inspire.

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Tristram Hillier 1905–1983

English Born in Peking Surrealist Wikipedia in 2/32 languages

His dedication to his craft earned him significant professional accolades, including being elected an Associate of the Royal Academy in 1957 and later becoming a Royal Academician.

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György Roman 1903–1981

Madžar Born in Rome Surrealizem Wikipedia in 1/32 languages

Zgodnje življenje in izobraževanje: Roman je sledil formalnemu umetniškemu izobraževanju na Madžarski akademiji bele kun arts v Budimpešti, kjer je izpiloval svoje veščine pod vplivnimi učitelji, ki so zagovarjali realizem in akademsko tradicijo. Vpliv ekspresionizma: Cvetočijoče ekspresionistično gibanje je očaralo Romanovo domišljijo ter ga navdihnilo, da sprejme drzne barve, deformirane oblike in subjektivno čustveno izražanje.

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Jorge Castillo rojen 1933

Spanish Born in Pontevedra Abstract Expressionist Wikipedia in 5/32 languages

Castillo's artistic trajectory began with a formal education in drawing at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, a crucial period that exposed him to the revolutionary currents of Surrealism. His initial exhibitions at Galería Altamira in Madrid showcased these early works – hauntingly beautiful ink drawings and gouaches that hinted at the emotional complexity to come. Returning to Spain in 1955, he settled in Barcelona, a city that would become inextricably linked to his artistic identity.

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Ivan Eyre 1935–2022

Canadian Born in Saskatchewan Abstract Figurative, Prairie Landscape Wikipedia in 3/32 languages

His early life, marked by moves across the prairies—from Red Deer, Alberta, to Saskatoon—instilled in him an intimate understanding of the land’s character: its solitude, its ever-changing light, and its capacity for both beauty and starkness. This formative connection would become the bedrock of his artistic expression. Notably, nine of his sculptures are prominently displayed in the McMichael Sculpture Garden in Kleinburg, Ontario, and others grace Assiniboine Park in Winnipeg, enriching public spaces with his distinctive aesthetic.

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Ceri Richards 1903–1971

Welški Born in Dunvant Surrealizem, Ekspresionizem Wikipedia in 2/32 languages

Rojen v majhnem vasu Dunvant, blizu Swansea, leta 1903. Formalno umetniško potovanje Richardsa je začelo na Gowerton Intermediate School, kjer je njegov talent hitro zasja, kar mu je prineslo priznanje na lokalnih tekmstvih. Ta namestitev je vrhunecela z ključno stipendijo na Royal College of Art v Londonu leta 1924 – trenutek, ki ga je potopil v srce modernističnega gibanja.

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Eldzier Cortor 1916–2015

American Born in Richmond Surrealism, Realism Wikipedia in 3/32 languages

Simultaneously, Cortor’s dedication to positive portrayals of African Americans was nurtured by his avid readership of The Chicago Defender, a newspaper dedicated to celebrating Black achievements.

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Linder Sterling rojen 1954

British Wikipedia in 4/32 languages

Her work has been featured in group exhibitions at the Tate Modern, the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art, and the Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago. In 2017, she was honored with the Paul Hamlyn Foundation Award. Her performance art has included works such as The Ultimate Form, a collaboration with choreographer Kenneth Tindall, and Children of the Stain.

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Juan Barjola 1919–2004

Spanish Born in Torre de Miguel Sesmero New Figuration Wikipedia in 3/32 languages

His early paintings often featured fragmented figures and dreamlike landscapes, hinting at a subconscious world grappling with themes of isolation, memory, and the anxieties of war. The Spanish Civil War cast a long pall over his generation, and while Barjola’s work wasn't overtly political in the propagandistic sense, it resonated with a profound sense of displacement and loss. The shadow of Pablo Picasso loomed large over Spanish art during Barjola’s formative years, but rather than imitation, Picasso's example spurred him toward originality.

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Emilio Tadini 1927–2002

Spanish Born in Milan Catalan Modernisme Wikipedia in 1/32 languages

Emilio Tadini was far more than a painter; he was a profound architect of meaning within the Italian cultural landscape. Born in Milan in 1927, his journey began not with a brush, but with the written word. A poet, novelist, and essayist, Tadini first emerged onto the prestigious literary stage in 1947 through Elio Vittorini's magazine, Politecnico.

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Leandre Cristófol 1908–1998

Catalan Born in Olesa de Balaguer Surrealism, Non-figurative Wikipedia in 1/32 languages

Rodjen v Os de Balaguer v Španiji leta 1908 in umrl v Lleidi leta 1998, se je Cristòfol vzdeloval kot samodidak, pri čemer je ustvarjal nefigurativna dela, portrete ter plastične umetnost z religijsko tematiko.

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Ellen Lanyon 1926–2013

Born in Chicago World Goes Pop Wikipedia in 1/32 languages

Lanyon’s early work focused on intimate portraits of relatives and the spaces they inhabited – quiet studies imbued with a sense of psychological depth. She herself often described these works as “dreamscapes,” a fitting term for paintings that seem to exist on the threshold between waking consciousness and the realm of sleep. In the 1970s, Lanyon’s move to New York brought her into contact with the feminist art collective Heresies, further broadening her intellectual and artistic horizons.