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Peaceable Kingdom (31)

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Edward Hicks, Peaceable Kingdom (31) (1845), Yale University Art Gallery. Dostopno v javni lastnini.

Podrobnosti

Umetnik
Edward Hicks originaluniqueart.com/sl/artists/edward-hicks_sl/
Datumi rojstva in smrti umetnika
1780 – 1849
Naslikano
1845
Material
Oil On Canvas
Gibanje
Quaker Folk Art
Na lokaciji
Yale University Art Gallery originaluniqueart.com/sl/museums/yale-university-art-gallery-hartford_sl/
Artistic style
Folk art, Harmony theme
Influences
Quaker beliefs
Notable elements
Animals, people coexisting
Subject or theme
Peaceful coexistence

V kontekstu

Peaceable Kingdom (31) — Edward Hicks

Kdaj je bilo to naslikano?

  1. 1780
  2. 1790
  3. 1800
  4. 1810
  5. 1820
  6. 1830
  7. 1840

Osenčeno: življenjsko obdobje Edward Hicks (1780–1849) ▲ to delo, 1845

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Barve

Izmerjeno na podlagi slike

    Glavna barva

    Walnut #6d5231

    Shranjena paleta

    • #6D5231
    • #AE8E5B
    • #22181A
    • #EEE2D8
    Paleta barv
    Earthy Prevladujoča barvna družina na sliki.
    Naziv primarne barve
    Walnut
    Intenzivnost
    Balanced Stopnja zasičenosti in raznolikost barv, od enotnega, zamegljenega odtisa do številnih živahnih barv.
    Kontrast
    Statement V kolikšni meri se barve po svetlini in zasičenosti razlikujejo skozi celotno sliko.
    Harmonija
    Balanced Harmony Stopnja harmonije barv, od kontrastnih do popolnoma ujednotenih.
    Zasvetlina
    Shadow Razmera svetloosti in temnine slike v celoti, od globokih senc do svetlih visokih svetlob.
    Zasičenost
    Subtle Color Kolikograščena in močna so barve, od skoraj sivih do popolnoma živahnih.

    O tem umetniškem delu

    Peaceable Kingdom (31) — Edward Hicks

    The Serene Harmony of “Peaceable Kingdom”

    Edward Hicks’ “Peaceable Kingdom” (31), painted in 1845, isn't merely a pastoral scene; it’s a profound meditation on faith, community, and the enduring hope for a world united. This iconic work, currently residing within the Yale University Art Gallery in Hartford, Connecticut, transcends its simple depiction of animals and humans coexisting peacefully to become a powerful symbol of Quaker ideals and American identity. Hicks, a devout Quaker minister and self-taught artist, imbued this canvas with layers of meaning drawn from Isaiah 11:6 – “The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb…” – transforming a biblical prophecy into a tangible representation of his spiritual vision. The painting’s enduring appeal lies not just in its aesthetic beauty but in its ability to resonate deeply with viewers seeking solace and inspiration in an often-turbulent world.

    A Testament to Quaker Belief

    At the heart of “Peaceable Kingdom” is the unwavering commitment to peace that defined the Society of Friends, or Quakers. Hicks’ artistic choices—the deliberate inclusion of diverse species, the gentle expressions on the animals' faces, and the harmonious arrangement of figures – all speak to this core belief. The painting isn’t a utopian fantasy; it acknowledges the presence of conflict (represented subtly by the fractured tree trunk in the background), yet firmly asserts that true peace is attainable through understanding, compassion, and a shared commitment to justice. The inclusion of indigenous people alongside European settlers underscores Hicks' broader vision of a nation built on principles of equality and mutual respect – a sentiment remarkably forward-thinking for its time. The painting’s composition deliberately avoids hierarchy, presenting all creatures as equals within this idyllic realm.

    Technique and Style: A Masterful Blend

    Hicks’ distinctive style is immediately recognizable—a blend of folk art simplicity and meticulous detail. Executed in oil on canvas, the piece showcases his remarkable ability to render textures with astonishing realism, from the soft fur of a lamb to the rough bark of a tree. The color palette is muted yet vibrant, dominated by earthy tones punctuated by splashes of warm yellows and greens, creating a sense of warmth and tranquility. Notably, Hicks employed a technique known as “grisaille,” using monochrome underpainting to establish values before adding color, which contributes significantly to the painting’s depth and luminosity. The figures are rendered with a gentle humanity, their expressions conveying a quiet contentment that invites the viewer into this peaceful scene.

    Symbolism and Historical Context

    Beyond its immediate depiction of animals and people, “Peaceable Kingdom” is rich in symbolism. The fractured tree trunk represents the divisions within Quaker society at the time – the Hicksite and Orthodox factions – while the harmonious gathering of creatures symbolizes the hope for reconciliation and unity. The inclusion of figures reminiscent of William Penn’s treaty with Native American tribes adds a layer of historical significance, reflecting Hicks' commitment to social justice and his belief in the importance of peaceful coexistence between cultures. The painting emerged during a period of significant social and political upheaval in America, marked by growing tensions over slavery and westward expansion. “Peaceable Kingdom” offered a powerful counter-narrative—a vision of a nation founded on principles of peace, equality, and respect for all living beings.

    A Legacy Enduring Through Reproductions

    Today, Edward Hicks’ "Peaceable Kingdom" continues to captivate audiences worldwide. High-quality reproductions, meticulously crafted by WahooArt.com, allow art enthusiasts to bring this timeless masterpiece into their homes and offices. Owning a reproduction is not merely acquiring an image; it's embracing the enduring message of peace, harmony, and hope that Hicks so eloquently conveyed over 175 years ago. The painting’s continued popularity speaks volumes about its universal appeal—a testament to the power of art to inspire, uplift, and remind us of our shared humanity.

    Umetnik in muzej

    Umetnik

    Edward Hicks

    Rojen v Langhorne, Združene države Amerike

    Življenje ukoreninjeno v veri in viziji

    Edward Hicks, rojen 4. aprila 1780 v mirnem pokrajini Attleboro (danes Langhorne), okrog Bucks County, Pensilvanija, je bil oseba edinstveno umeščena na stičišču verskih prepričanj in umetniškega izražanja. Njegova zgodba ni preprosto zgodba samouka slikarja, temveč posvečenega kvakerskega ministra, katerega duhovno potovanje je globoko oblikovalo njegov značilen vizualni jezik. Čeprav se je rodil staršem anglikanske vere, se je življenje mladega Edwarda bistveno spremenilo, ko ga je prevzela Matron Elizabeth Twining, pobožna kvakerka, ki mu je vsadila temeljna načela te vere – preprostost, mir in neomajna vera v “notranjo luč”. Ta zgodnji stik bi postal temelj, na katerem je bila zgrajena njegova umetniška vizija. Od trinaestega leta se je Hicks učil pri izdelovalcih kočij Williamu in Henryju Tomlinsonu ter obvladal tehnike dekorativnega slikanja, ki so ga sprva preživljala. Vendar pa se je celo med izpopolnjevanjem spretnosti v upodabljanju okrasnih vzorcev na vozilih v njem zbudil globlji klic – klic, ki bi ga končno popeljal po manj utirani poti – poti, kjer se vera in umetnost združita. Do leta 1803 je Hicks v celoti sprejel Družbo prijateljev, poročil se s Sarah Worstall in se podal v življenje potujočega pridiganja po Filadelfiji, hkrati pa preživljal svojo naraščajočo družino s svojimi slikarskimi spretnostmi.

    Razvijajoče se platno: od kočij do duhovnih krajin

    Hicksovo umetniško ustvarjanje ni bilo običajno. Ni bil formalno usposobljen v akademskih tradicijah tistega časa; namesto tega je gojil izrazito ameriški slog ljudske umetnosti, rojen iz opazovanja, nujnosti in globoko zakoreninjenih prepričanj. Sprva so njegove slike služile praktičnim namenom – barvanje hiš, dekoracija kočij, gostilniške table in celo okrasno delo na pohištvu in kmetijski opremi. Te zgodnje naročnine so zagotovile finančno stabilnost, vendar so pogosto nasprotovale kvakerskemu poudarku na preprostosti in izogibanju posvetnih užitkov. Obdobje težav leta 1815 je Hicks za kratek čas opustil okrasno slikanje v korist kmetovanja, ki pa se ni izkazalo za uspešno podjetje. S spodbudo prijateljev se je leta 1816 vrnil k čopičem, kar je bil prelomni trenutek, ki mu je omogočil, da bi uskladil svoje umetniške talente s svojim duhovnim poklicom. Ta vrnitev ni bila zgolj ponovitev prejšnjega dela; zaznamovala je začetek edinstvenega raziskovanja verskih tem in alegoričnih krajin. Začel je vpletati simboličen pomen v svoje slike, odražal kvakerski pogled na svet in osebne interpretacije Svetih spisov. Njegova platna so postala sredstva za sporočanje miru, harmonije in obljube božansko urejenega reda.

    Mirno kraljestvo: vizija harmonije

    Edward Hicks je danes najbolj znan po seriji slik, ki jih skupaj imenujejo Mirno kraljestvo. Te dela, ki jih je ustvaril skozi vse življenje in obsegajo več kot šestdeset različic, so morda najikoničnejši primeri ameriške ljudske umetnosti. Navdihnila ga je Izaija 11:6-9 – odlomak, ki napoveduje čas, ko bodo divje zveri mirno sobivale, Hicks pa je upodobil prizore divjih živali in otrok, ki živijo v idilični harmoniji. Slike pogosto prikazujejo osebnosti iz zgodovine kolonijske Pensilvanije, kot je William Penn, ki sklepa pogodbe z domorodnimi Američani, kar dodatno utemeljuje biblijsko vizijo v ameriškem kontekstu. Mirno kraljestvo ni le prijetna upodobitev živalskega življenja; gre za močno izjavo o Hicksovem prepričanju, da Pensilvanija predstavlja uresničitev te preroške ideale – kraj, kjer lahko prevladajo mir in pravičnost. Vsaka različica Mirnega kraljestva ima subtilne razlike v kompoziciji, barvni paleti in podrobnostih, kar odraža Hicksovo razvijajočo se umetniško občutljivost in poglabljanje duhovnega razumevanja. Pomembni primeri vključujejo Mirno kraljestvo (31), ki je shranjeno v Yale University Art Gallery, in Mirno kraljestvo (34), ki prikazuje Noetovo barko sredi mirne krajine.

    Onkraj kraljestva: širši umetniški obseg

    Čeprav Mirno kraljestvo ostaja njegov podpisni dosežek, se je Hicksovo umetniško ustvarjanje razširilo onkraj te slavne serije. Slikal je krajine, portrete in zgodovinske prizore, vsak pa je bil prežet z njegovim značilnim slogom ljudske umetnosti in kvakersko občutljivostjo. Njegovi Slapovi Niagare, ki so zdaj v Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Center, dokazujejo njegovo sposobnost ujemanja veličine narave ob ohranjanju občutka preprostosti in spoštovanja. Podobno njegova upodobitev Georgea Washingtona z vojsko, ki prehaja čez Delavaro – prav tako v Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Center – ponuja edinstveno perspektivo ljudske umetnosti na ta ikonični trenutek v ameriški zgodovini. Tudi na videz posvetne teme, kot je Grob Williama Penna v Jordans in England, razkrivajo Hicksovo globoko povezanost s kvakersko dediščino in njegovo sposobnost najti duhovni pomen v vsakdanjih prizorih. Ta dela skupaj dokazujejo širino Hicksove umetniške vizije in njegovo zavezanost uporabi umetnosti kot sredstva za izražanje svoje vere in vrednot.

    Trajna zapuščina: ikona ljudske umetnosti

    Edward Hicks je umrl 23. avgusta 1849 v Newtownu, Pensilvanija, in za seboj pustil delo, ki še danes odmeva pri občinstvu. Zdaj je priznan kot ključna osebnost ameriške ljudske umetnosti, slavljen zaradi svojega značilnega sloga, ponavljajočih se tem in globoke duhovne globine. Njegove slike nudijo dragocene vpoglede v prepričanja in vrednote Družbe prijateljev v 19. stoletju ter zagotavljajo vizualni zapis njihove zavezanosti miru, preprostosti in socialni pravičnosti. Hicksova edinstvena sposobnost združevanja verske vere z umetniškim izražanjem je ustvarila delo, ki je tako vizualno prepričljivo kot duhovno pomembno. Njegova zapuščina sega onkraj muzejev in zbirk, kjer so razstavljene njegove slike; živi v stalnem spoštovanju njegove umetnosti in trajni moči njegove vizije – viziji “mirnega kraljestva”, kjer vlada harmonija med človeštvom, naravo in božanstvom. Ostaja dokaz moči samouke umetnosti in globokega vpliva vere na ustvarjalni izraz.

    Muzej

    Yale University Art Gallery

    Na razstavi v Hartford, Združene države Amerike

    A Legacy of Vision: Exploring the Yale University Art Gallery

    Nestled within the historic campus of Yale University in Hartford, Connecticut, the Yale University Art Gallery stands as a testament to centuries of artistic patronage and a profound commitment to making art accessible to all. More than simply a repository of masterpieces, it’s a living dialogue between eras, styles, and cultures—a place where the echoes of revolutionary ideals mingle with the quiet contemplation afforded by Kahn's groundbreaking architecture. Founded in 1832 with a gift from John Trumbull’s collection, initially focused on paintings depicting the American Revolution, the gallery has organically evolved into an encyclopedic institution boasting over 300,000 objects spanning millennia and continents. Its story is inextricably linked to Yale's own evolution as a center of learning and innovation, reflecting both the academic rigor of its faculty and the vibrant pulse of artistic expression.

    The gallery’s strength lies not in a singular focus but in its breathtaking breadth. One can embark on a journey from the delicate porcelain depicting scenes from ancient folklore within the Asian art collection—a realm of refined aesthetics and spiritual depth, showcasing exquisite jade carvings and intricate lacquerware—to the powerful, evocative sculptures embodying the beliefs of long-forgotten African cultures, revealing the diverse artistic traditions of the continent. The European holdings are equally compelling, offering a window into pivotal moments in Western art history. Here, one encounters masterpieces from the Italian Renaissance that exemplify a shift towards humanist realism, with works by Gentile da Fabriano and Ambrogio Lorenzetti revealing an exquisite mastery of perspective and a burgeoning exploration of human emotion. Beyond these cornerstones, the gallery’s holdings of American art trace the nation's evolving identity through paintings, sculptures, and decorative arts—from early colonial silver to the bold abstractions of Abstract Expressionists like Mark Rothko.

    Architectural Harmony: A Dialogue Through Time

    The physical structure of the Yale University Art Gallery is itself an integral part of the artistic experience—a carefully curated environment that enhances our appreciation of beauty and creativity. The gallery’s unique spatial arrangement, a harmonious blend of historic and modern elements, creates a truly remarkable journey for the visitor. The original Street Hall, designed by Peter Bonnett Wight in 1867, is a stunning example of neo-Gothic architecture—a testament to Victorian grandeur with soaring arches, stained glass windows, and an atmosphere of quiet reverence. Juxtaposed against this historic space stands Louis Kahn’s groundbreaking modernist addition from 1953, a bold statement of geometric form and light. Kahn's design, with its deliberate use of concrete, steel, and natural light, was revolutionary for its era, offering a serene and contemplative environment perfectly suited to experiencing art’s transformative power. The tetrahedral ceiling of the gallery, conceived in collaboration with Anne Tyng, is a marvel of engineering and design—a vast, open space bathed in diffused natural light that seems to float above the artworks below. The 2012 expansion seamlessly integrates with Kahn’s original vision, adding new galleries and a rooftop sculpture garden that offers breathtaking views of the surrounding campus and city.

    These spaces are designed to inspire contemplation and foster an understanding of how art communicates across time periods. The juxtaposition of Wight's Gothic grandeur and Kahn's modernist innovation underscores Yale’s commitment to artistic exploration and architectural excellence.

    Highlights of the Collection: A Global Tapestry

    Within these walls resides a collection truly embodying its commitment to global representation. Several key areas stand out as particularly noteworthy. The Asian art section features exquisite jade carvings, intricate lacquerware, and vibrant Buddhist sculptures—a window into the spiritual traditions of East Asia. The European holdings are equally compelling, showcasing masterpieces from the Italian Renaissance that exemplify a pivotal shift towards humanist realism. Don't miss the Gallery’s impressive selection of decorative arts, including furniture, textiles, and ceramics, which provide a rich context for understanding the material culture of different eras and societies.

    A particular highlight is Rembrandt’s The Hundred Guilder Print, offering a profound insight into the artist’s mastery of etching and storytelling. The gallery's curators strive to present artworks in their original context, illuminating their cultural significance and artistic innovation.

    Beyond the Gallery Walls: Engagement and Research

    More than just a museum, the Yale University Art Gallery serves as a vibrant hub for learning and engagement. Its commitment to accessibility is unwavering, offering free admission to all visitors and providing a diverse range of educational programs designed to foster a deeper understanding and appreciation of art. Guided tours, lectures by renowned scholars, and hands-on workshops cater to audiences of all ages and backgrounds.

    Yale’s Art Gallery actively collaborates with the Yale University community, serving as a valuable resource for students and faculty alike. Its research facilities provide access to an extensive library and archive, supporting scholarly inquiry and contributing to the advancement of art historical knowledge.

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    Navodila za citiranje umetniškega dela

    MLA
    Hicks, Edward. Peaceable Kingdom (31). 1845, Yale University Art Gallery. https://originaluniqueart.com/sl/art/edward-hicks-peaceable-kingdom-31-8YDLSU-en/
    APA
    Hicks, Edward (1845). Peaceable Kingdom (31) [Painting]. Yale University Art Gallery. https://originaluniqueart.com/sl/art/edward-hicks-peaceable-kingdom-31-8YDLSU-en/
    Chicago
    Edward Hicks. Peaceable Kingdom (31). 1845. Yale University Art Gallery. https://originaluniqueart.com/sl/art/edward-hicks-peaceable-kingdom-31-8YDLSU-en/
    Harvard
    Hicks, Edward (1845) Peaceable Kingdom (31). Yale University Art Gallery. Available at: https://originaluniqueart.com/sl/art/edward-hicks-peaceable-kingdom-31-8YDLSU-en/

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    Odgovorite z lastnimi besedami. Tukaj ni napačnih odgovorov — so le odgovori, ki jih lahko razložite.

    1. Kaj vas najprej pritegne in zakaj?
    2. Katere barve ali oblike ustvarjajo vzdušje — in kakšno je to vzdušje?
    3. Naš katalog to delo uvršča pod: harmony, peace, animals. Se strinjate? Bi kaj dodali ali odvzeli?
    4. Oglejte si Grave of William Penn at Jordans in England (1847), ki ste ga že videli v prejšnjih delih tega priročnika. Navedite dve stvari, ki jih deli z tem delom, in eno, ki ga loči od njega.
    5. Edward Hicks je bil star približno 65, ko je bilo to delo ustvarjeno. Kaj v njem opazite kot delo umetnika v tem obdobju?

    Vaš odgovor

    Zapišite kratek odstavek o tem umetniškem delu. Uporabite dejstva iz prejšnjih delov tega priročnika in svoje odgovore zgoraj.

    Umetniški kviz

    Peaceable Kingdom (31) — Edward Hicks

    Kako dobro poznate to umetniško delo?

    Za vsako od spodnjih 5 vprašanj izberite en odgovor. Vsako vprašanje ima natanko en pravilni odgovor.

    1. 1. What is the primary subject depicted in Edward Hicks’ ‘Peaceable Kingdom (31)’?

      • A A depiction of a battle between humans and animals.
      • B A serene landscape showcasing harmony between humans and nature, including various animals and people coexisting peacefully.
      • C A portrait of Edward Hicks himself.
    2. 2. In what year was Edward Hicks’ ‘Peaceable Kingdom (31)’ created?

      • A 1829
      • B 1845
      • C 1860
    3. 3. The painting ‘Peaceable Kingdom (31)’ is part of which art gallery collection?

      • A The Metropolitan Museum of Art
      • B The Yale University Art Gallery
      • C The National Gallery of Art
    4. 4. What religious group was Edward Hicks a member of, and how did this influence his art?

      • A Catholicism; he depicted biblical scenes.
      • B Methodism; he focused on social reform themes.
      • C Quakers; his artwork often conveyed Quaker values like peace and simplicity.
    5. 5. The image description mentions the presence of which specific historical figure in the painting?

      • A George Washington
      • B William Penn
      • C Benjamin Franklin

    Moj rezultat: ____ od 5

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