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Student Artwork Guide

Hawking

Name Class Date

Sir William Nicholson, Hawking (1902), National Trust. Public domain. See this canvas under a moving light: the drawing, the true colour under the varnish, the bare pigment

The facts

Artist
Sir William Nicholson originaluniqueart.com/en/artists/sir-william-nicholson/
Artist’s dates
1872 – 1949
Painted
1902
Original size
120 x 104 cm
Period
19th Century
Held at
National Trust originaluniqueart.com/en/museums/national-trust-london/
Artistic style
Portraiture, Symbolism
Influences
Cubley, Reynolds
Notable elements
Boy with bird, dogs
Subject or theme
Childhood, Nature

In context

Hawking — Sir William Nicholson

How big is it?

The original measures 120 × 104 cm (height × width), drawn here beside an adult of average height.

When was this painted?

  1. 1870
  2. 1880
  3. 1890
  4. 1900
  5. 1910
  6. 1920
  7. 1930
  8. 1940

Row above: the years. Row below: how old the artist was at the start and at the end of each span — 0 at birth, 77 at death.

Painted when the artist was 30. The artist lived to 77. 7 of the 105 dated works by this artist in our catalogue came earlier.

Shaded: the lifetime of Sir William Nicholson (1872–1949) ▲ this work, 1902 every dated painting, decade by decade

First works: up to 1908 Main working years: 1908–1928 Late works: from 1928

Those three bands split the works this catalogue has a date for into a first quarter, a middle half and a last quarter. They are not the artist’s complete output: a thin stretch may be a gap in the record rather than a quiet spell. The same years with the artist’s life laid along them

Compare with

Pick one work above: name two things it shares with this one, and one thing that's different.

More works to set beside this one: originaluniqueart.com/en/art/similar/sir-william-nicholson-hawking-AQS4CH-en/

Colours

Measured from the image

    Main colour

    Walnut #603d06

    Catalogued palette

    • #603D06
    • #3A2104
    • #825810
    • #C09D58

    These colours inside the artist’s whole palette Find other paintings by colour

    Palette
    Dark The dominant colour family in the image.
    Main colour name
    Walnut
    Intensity
    Balanced How saturated and varied the colours are, from a single toned-down hue to many bright ones.
    Contrast
    Gentle How much the colours differ in lightness and saturation across the picture.
    Harmony
    Unified Palette How well the colours work together, from clashing to fully unified.
    Brightness
    Deep_shadow How light or dark the picture reads overall, from deep shadow to bright highlight.
    Saturation
    Clear Color Presence How pure and strong the colours are, from near-grey to fully vivid.

    Where in the world is this painting looked at?

    • under 1%
    • 1–3%
    • 3–8%
    • 8–20%
    • 20% and over
    This painting alone has too few recorded visitors to map, so the plate reads every work by Sir William Nicholson over the last twelve months — 7 countries in all. Where these figures come from

    The ten leading countries

    1. 1 China 70.2%8,000 visits
    2. 2 United States of America 14.0%1,600 visits
    3. 3 Hong Kong 7.0%800 visits
    4. 4 Singapore 4.4%500 visits
    5. 5 Norway 2.6%300 visits
    6. 6 France 0.9%100 visits
    7. 7 United Kingdom 0.9%100 visits

    Find the three darkest countries on the map. Is the museum that keeps this painting in any of them? Write down one reason people far away might look at it.

    The 20 most looked-at works by Sir William Nicholson

    1. 1 Study for 'Breakfast at Chartwell II' (Sir Winston Churchill, 1874–1965, and Clementine Ogilvy Hozier, 1885–1977, Lady Churchill, in the Dining Room at Chartwell, with Their Cat 'Tango'), 1933 4.0%500 visits
    2. 2 Album Copies of Old Masters and other Paintings (no.5, p.5) 3.2%400 visits
    3. 3 Flowers in a Vase, 1949 3.2%400 visits
    4. 4 Indian Pinks, 1928 2.4%300 visits
    5. 5 The Windmill, Brighton Downs (Brighton Downs, Rottingdean), 1910 2.4%300 visits
    6. 6 Album Copies of Old Masters and other Paintings (no.74, p.32) 2.4%300 visits
    7. 7 The Front Door and Porch of Chartwell, 1934 2.4%300 visits
    8. 8 Title (Original): A Reduced Chart of Bombay Harbour, to form as an Index for the large one of Eight Sheets, by William Nichelson, Master of his Majesty’s Ship Elizabeth., 1763 1.6%200 visits
    9. 9 'The Blue Butterflies' (Still Life with Geraniums and Other Flowers), 1913 1.6%200 visits
    10. 10 Master Anthony Bacon, Aged 3 (Anthony W. Bacon, Son of Thomas W. Bacon, 1873–1950, of Ramsden Hall, Essex), 1905 1.6%200 visits
    11. 11 The Paper Cap (Ben Nicholson, 1894–1982, as a Boy), 1906 1.6%200 visits
    12. 12 A Glade near Midhurst, 1936 1.6%200 visits
    13. 13 Lieutenant General (later General) Thomas Scott (1745–1842), Army Staff, 1817 1.6%200 visits
    14. 14 Mushrooms, 1927 1.6%200 visits
    15. 15 The Paper Poppies, 1919 1.6%200 visits
    16. 16 Album Copies of Old Masters and other Paintings (no.71, p.30) 1.6%200 visits
    17. 17 Album Copies of Old Masters and other Paintings (no.24, p.11) 1.6%200 visits
    18. 18 Hugh William Williams (1773–1829), Artist, 1818 1.6%200 visits
    19. 19 Santa Lucia, Malaga, 1935 1.6%200 visits
    20. — Hawking, 1902 this painting 0.0%0 visits

    Together these works take 39.2% of all the attention this artist's paintings received over the last twelve months. The catalogue holds 225 works by this artist, of which 84 were looked at at least once. This painting has not been looked at yet in that time — it closes the list without a rank. The same counts, month by month

    Bars measure attention, not quality. Pick the work at the top and this one: name one thing that might make a painting famous beyond how well it is painted.

    About this artwork

    Hawking — Sir William Nicholson

    The Enigmatic Figure of Hawking

    William Nicholson’s “Hawking,” painted in 1902, isn't merely a portrait; it’s a carefully constructed tableau of Victorian sensibilities layered with subtle anxieties and burgeoning modernity. The subject, a young boy holding a bird on his arm while accompanied by two dogs, immediately evokes a sense of domesticity—a scene seemingly plucked from the heart of Edwardian England. Yet, closer inspection reveals a complex interplay of elements that hint at deeper currents beneath the surface of this carefully arranged image. The boy’s posture is slightly awkward, his gaze averted, suggesting a quiet introspection or perhaps a touch of unease. The bird he cradles, likely a finch, symbolizes freedom and innocence, but its presence within the confines of the scene introduces an element of fragility and vulnerability.

    A Collaboration Born of Artistic Vision

    “Hawking” was a product of a remarkable artistic partnership between Nicholson and James Pryde, known collectively as the Beggarstaffs. This duo revolutionized illustration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by employing a distinctive style characterized by bold lines, flattened perspectives, and a deliberately unpolished aesthetic. Their work rejected the fussy detail of academic portraiture, opting instead for a more immediate and dynamic approach. Nicholson’s contribution to this project was crucial; he brought a sophisticated understanding of composition and characterization, while Pryde provided the technical expertise in woodcut and lithography. The Beggarstaffs' style reflected a shift away from traditional illustration towards a more journalistic and evocative form of visual storytelling.

    The Victorian Context: Restraint and Subversion

    To fully appreciate “Hawking,” it’s essential to understand the broader context of Victorian England. The era was marked by strict social conventions, rigid moral codes, and a profound sense of propriety. Yet, beneath this veneer of respectability lay currents of change—industrialization, urbanization, and growing anxieties about modernity. Nicholson subtly captures these tensions within his painting. The dogs, symbols of loyalty and domesticity, are juxtaposed with the boy’s withdrawn demeanor, hinting at a disconnect between traditional values and emerging individualistic sensibilities. The inclusion of the bird, representing freedom, further underscores this subtle subversion of Victorian norms.

    Symbolism and Emotional Resonance

    Beyond its stylistic merits, “Hawking” is rich in symbolic meaning. The boy’s posture suggests a sense of isolation or perhaps a questioning of authority—a common theme in the literature of the period. The bird, as mentioned earlier, represents innocence and vulnerability, while the dogs embody loyalty and companionship. The overall composition creates a feeling of quiet contemplation, inviting the viewer to ponder the complexities of human relationships and the challenges of navigating a rapidly changing world. Nicholson’s masterful use of light and shadow further enhances the painting's emotional impact, creating a sense of depth and atmosphere that draws the eye inward.

    A Legacy of Artistic Innovation

    Sir William Nicholson’s “Hawking” stands as a testament to his artistic versatility and his ability to capture the spirit of his time. It is a remarkable example of Beggarstaff illustration, blending technical skill with evocative storytelling. Reproductions of this painting offer a captivating glimpse into Victorian England—a world of restrained elegance, hidden anxieties, and burgeoning modernity. Its enduring appeal lies in its ability to resonate with viewers on multiple levels, inviting them to contemplate the complexities of human experience and the timeless themes that continue to shape our understanding of ourselves and the world around us.

    Artist and museum

    Artist

    Sir William Nicholson

    Born in Newark, United Kingdom

    Early Life and Artistic Beginnings

    Sir William Newzam Prior Nicholson, born in Newark-on-Trent in 1872, emerged from a background that blended industrial pragmatism with artistic sensibility. His father, a successful engineer and Conservative MP, instilled a sense of discipline, while his mother’s lineage connected him to the aesthetic traditions of Oxfordshire. From a young age, Nicholson displayed an aptitude for art, nurtured by lessons from William Cubley, a local painter who himself traced his artistic roots back to Sir Joshua Reynolds. This early exposure laid the foundation for a career that would span diverse mediums and styles. A brief stint at Hubert von Herkomer’s art school proved pivotal, not only for honing his skills but also for introducing him to Mabel Pryde, who would become his wife and an essential collaborator in his burgeoning artistic journey. It was through Mabel that he met her brother, James Pryde, a partnership that would soon revolutionize the world of graphic design.

    The Beggarstaffs and a Revolution in Poster Art

    The collaboration between William Nicholson and James Pryde, known as “J. & W. Beggarstaff,” marked a turning point in British visual culture. Rejecting the prevailing ornate aesthetic of Victorian posters, they embraced a bold simplicity characterized by striking silhouettes, flat planes of color, and a deliberate rejection of traditional perspective. Their designs weren’t merely advertisements; they were statements—powerful, graphic compositions that captured the public's imagination. Posters for productions like Don Quixote and publications such as Harper’s Magazine became instantly recognizable, influencing a generation of artists and designers. This period wasn’t simply about commercial art; it was about redefining visual communication itself. The Beggarstaffs’ work challenged conventions, paving the way for modern graphic design and establishing Nicholson's reputation as an innovator. Their impact resonated far beyond the realm of posters, influencing illustration and even painting with its emphasis on strong form and deliberate composition.

    From Woodcuts to Portraits: A Developing Style

    Following the dissolution of the Beggarstaff partnership, Nicholson embarked on a period of stylistic exploration. He turned his attention to woodcut and wood-engraving, techniques that allowed him to further refine his mastery of line and form. Encouraged by the influential James McNeill Whistler, he embraced these methods, producing intricate and evocative prints that showcased his growing artistic maturity. These works demonstrated a remarkable ability to capture essence with minimal detail, a quality that would become a hallmark of his style. Simultaneously, Nicholson began to establish himself as a portrait painter, receiving commissions from prominent figures of the era. His portraits weren’t merely likenesses; they were insightful studies of character, revealing the inner lives of his subjects through subtle nuances of expression and pose. Works like Lady in Furs, Mme. P. exemplify this skill, capturing not just physical appearance but also a sense of personality and social standing.

    Still Life, Landscape, and Lasting Legacy

    In the later stages of his career, Nicholson increasingly focused on still life and landscape painting. His still lifes, such as The Lowestoft Bowl, are celebrated for their exquisite attention to detail, harmonious color palettes, and a quiet sense of intimacy. He imbued everyday objects with a poetic quality, elevating them beyond mere representation to become symbols of beauty and contemplation. His landscapes, often depicting scenes from his travels in Spain and Italy, reveal a sensitivity to light and atmosphere, capturing the essence of place with remarkable skill. Throughout his life, Nicholson remained a versatile artist, constantly experimenting with new techniques and approaches. He authored children’s books, designed for the theatre, and continued to produce prints alongside his paintings. Sir William Nicholson's influence extends beyond his own prolific output; he inspired generations of artists with his commitment to craftsmanship, his innovative spirit, and his ability to find beauty in the ordinary. His work remains a testament to the power of art to illuminate the human experience and transform our perception of the world around us. He died in 1949, leaving behind a rich artistic legacy that continues to captivate and inspire today.

    Museum

    National Trust

    On show in London, United Kingdom

    A Living Tapestry of British Heritage

    To step into the National Trust’s London portfolio is to embark on a journey through time, where the very air seems thick with the whispers of centuries past. Far more than a mere repository for relics, the National Trust serves as a dedicated guardian of Britain’s multifaceted soul, weaving together a narrative that spans grand architectural triumphs and the quiet, intimate corners of domestic life. In the heart of London, this collection offers an immersive experience where history is not merely observed from behind glass but felt through the textured walls of historic houses and the meticulously manicured beauty of sculpted gardens. It is a sanctuary for those who find beauty in preservation, offering a profound connection to the enduring spirit of the British Isles.

    The architectural splendor found within these holdings provides a breathtaking spectrum of human ambition and aesthetic evolution. One might find themselves wandering through the opulent halls of Osterley Park House, where the Palladian style reigns supreme. Here, the symmetrical grandeur and refined interiors—masterfully designed by Robert Adam—create an atmosphere of classical harmony that feels less like a museum and more like a stage set awaiting its historical players. Every sculpted ceiling and meticulously crafted piece of furniture contributes to a sense of sophisticated luxury. In stark contrast, the intimacy of Fenton House offers a different kind of enchantment; its charming 17th-century interiors and secluded walled gardens evoke a much more personal, domestic tranquility, proving that greatness can be found in both the sweeping vista and the quiet corner.

    Artistic Treasures and Curated Legacies

    Beyond the structural magnificence, the National Trust’s collections boast an astonishing depth of artistic merit that continues to inspire art lovers and collectors alike. With over one million objects at its disposal, the Trust curates a world where paintings, decorative arts, and rare books are displayed within their original historical contexts. This approach allows the viewer to appreciate not just the aesthetic brilliance of a brushstroke, but the cultural significance of the object itself. From the delicate engravings and evocative landscapes of James Struthers Stewart to the poignant equestrian details found in works like Florence Mabel Hollams’

    'Tommy', a Bay Pony

    , each piece serves as a vital thread in a larger historical tapestry. For the interior designer, these collections offer endless inspiration, showcasing how art and furniture can harmonize with architecture to define the character of a space.

    The very existence of these treasures is a testament to a legacy of preservation that began in 1895. Founded by visionaries Octavia Hill, Sir Robert Hunter, and Hardwicke Rawnsley, the National Trust emerged from a profound necessity to protect Britain’s natural beauty and historic landmarks from the relentless march of progress. What began as a mission to safeguard open spaces has evolved into a comprehensive commitment to protecting the tangible remnants of human creativity. This sense of stewardship is deeply embedded in the organization's identity, fostering a unique bond of public ownership. To visit these sites is to participate in a continuous act of conservation, ensuring that the architectural echoes and artistic masterpieces of the past remain vibrant and accessible for generations yet to come.

    Where to read more

    Find this online

    QR code linking to the download page for Hawking

    originaluniqueart.com/en/art/download/sir-william-nicholson-hawking-AQS4CH-en/

    Cite this artwork

    MLA
    Nicholson, Sir William. Hawking. 1902, National Trust. https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/sir-william-nicholson-hawking-AQS4CH-en/
    APA
    Nicholson, Sir William (1902). Hawking [Painting]. National Trust. https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/sir-william-nicholson-hawking-AQS4CH-en/
    Chicago
    Sir William Nicholson. Hawking. 1902. National Trust. https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/sir-william-nicholson-hawking-AQS4CH-en/
    Harvard
    Nicholson, Sir William (1902) Hawking. National Trust. Available at: https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/sir-william-nicholson-hawking-AQS4CH-en/

    Look closely

    Hawking — Sir William Nicholson

    Look closely

    Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.

    1. What catches your eye first, and why?
    2. Which colours or shapes create the mood — and what is that mood?
    3. Our catalogue files this work under: portrait, boy, bird. Do you agree? What would you add, or take away?
    4. Look back at Album Copies of Old Masters and other Paintings (no.5, p.5), earlier in this guide. Name two things it shares with this work, and one that is different.
    5. Sir William Nicholson was about 30 when this was made. What in it looks like the work of an artist at that stage?

    Your response

    Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.

    Art quiz

    Hawking — Sir William Nicholson

    How well do you know this artwork?

    Tick one answer for each of the 5 questions below. Each has exactly one correct answer.

    1. 1. What is the primary subject depicted in William Nicholson’s ‘Hawking’?

      • A A portrait of Stephen Hawking
      • B A depiction of a young boy with a bird
      • C A landscape scene featuring a horse
    2. 2. In what year was ‘Hawking’ painted?

      • A 1902
      • B 1949
      • C 1872
    3. 3. Who is the artist responsible for creating ‘Hawking’?

      • A Sir William Cubley
      • B Sir William Nicholson
      • C James Pryde
    4. 4. According to the provided information, what is significant about the Beggarstaffs collaboration?

      • A They primarily focused on portraiture.
      • B They were known for their innovative woodcut techniques.
      • C They created posters and graphic designs.
    5. 5. What can be inferred about the historical context of ‘Hawking’ based on the provided information?

      • A It reflects a shift towards abstract expressionism.
      • B It captures a moment in early 20th-century artistic experimentation.
      • C It primarily depicts scenes from Victorian England.

    My score: ____ out of 5

    Answer key — for the teacher

    This starts a fresh printed page, so it can simply be left out of the copies.

    1A · 2A · 3B · 4C · 5B

    Check any answer against the catalogue record for this painting

    Questions & Answers

    What is the recommended print size for "Hawking" by Sir William Nicholson?

    "Hawking" is recommended at a medium print size. Other sizes are available with the same proportions.

    How big is the original "Hawking"?

    The recorded dimensions of "Hawking" by Sir William Nicholson are 120 x 104 cm. Reproductions can be ordered in other sizes while keeping the same proportions.

    What type of artwork is "Hawking" by Sir William Nicholson?

    "Hawking" is a wall art piece.