Paper

Student Artwork Guide

Black Cross

Name Class Date

Samia Halaby, Black Cross (1969), The Ramzi and Saeda Dalloul Art Foundation. Reproduced for reference; rights reserved by the rights holder. See this canvas under a moving light: the drawing, the true colour under the varnish, the bare pigment

The facts

Artist
Samia Halaby originaluniqueart.com/en/artists/samia-halaby/
Artist’s dates
1936 –
Painted
1969
Medium
Painting
Original size
46 x 46 cm
Movement
Abstract Art Abstraction built strictly from squares, circles and straight edges rather than free gesture.
Period
Modern
Held at
The Ramzi and Saeda Dalloul Art Foundation originaluniqueart.com/en/museums/the-ramzi-and-saeda-dalloul-art-foundation-beirut/
Artistic style
Abstract
Subject or theme
Religious symbol, geometric abstraction

In context

Black Cross — Samia Halaby

How big is it?

The original measures 46 × 46 cm (height × width), drawn here beside an adult of average height.

When was this painted?

  1. 1930
  2. 1940
  3. 1950
  4. 1960
  5. 1970
  6. 1980
  7. 1990
  8. 2000
  9. 2010

Row above: the years. Row below: how old the artist was at the start and at the end of each span, counting 0 from birth.

Painted when the artist was 33. 1 of the 10 dated works by this artist in our catalogue came earlier.

▲ this work, 1969 every dated painting, decade by decade

First works: up to 1990 Main working years: 1990–2011 Late works: from 2011

Those three bands split the works this catalogue has a date for into a first quarter, a middle half and a last quarter. They are not the artist’s complete output: a thin stretch may be a gap in the record rather than a quiet spell. The same years with the artist’s life laid along them

Compare with

Pick one work above: name two things it shares with this one, and one thing that's different.

More works to set beside this one: originaluniqueart.com/en/art/similar/samia-halaby-black-cross-D797ZV-en/

Colours

Measured from the image

    Main colour

    Walnut #735011

    Catalogued palette

    • #735011
    • #2C5471
    • #4E493A
    • #2E271E

    These colours inside the artist’s whole palette Find other paintings by colour

    Palette
    Earthy The dominant colour family in the image.
    Main colour name
    Walnut
    Intensity
    Balanced How saturated and varied the colours are, from a single toned-down hue to many bright ones.
    Contrast
    Serene How much the colours differ in lightness and saturation across the picture.
    Harmony
    Discordant Palette How well the colours work together, from clashing to fully unified.
    Brightness
    Deep_shadow How light or dark the picture reads overall, from deep shadow to bright highlight.
    Saturation
    Balanced Soft How pure and strong the colours are, from near-grey to fully vivid.

    Where in the world is this painting looked at?

    • under 1%
    • 1–3%
    • 3–8%
    • 8–20%
    • 20% and over
    This painting alone has too few recorded visitors to map, so the plate reads every work by Samia Halaby over the last twelve months — 1 countries in all. Where these figures come from

    The ten leading countries

    1. 1 China 100.0%100 visits

    Find the three darkest countries on the map. Is the museum that keeps this painting in any of them? Write down one reason people far away might look at it.

    The 2 most looked-at works by Samia Halaby

    1. 1 Pink Flying Over Pink, 2009 50.0%100 visits
    2. 2 Black Cross, 1969 this painting 50.0%100 visits

    Together these works take 100.0% of all the attention this artist's paintings received over the last twelve months. The catalogue holds 10 works by this artist, of which 2 were looked at at least once. This painting ranks 2 of them, with 50.0% of that attention (100 visits). The same counts, month by month

    Bars measure attention, not quality. Pick the work at the top and this one: name one thing that might make a painting famous beyond how well it is painted.

    About this artwork

    Black Cross — Samia Halaby

    A Geometric Symphony of Faith and Form

    In the vibrant landscape of late twentieth-century abstraction, few works capture the intersection of spiritual iconography and geometric precision as strikingly as Samia Halaby’s Black Cross. Created in 1969, this captivating piece serves as a profound meditation on the power of shape to convey deep-seated cultural and religious meaning. At first glance, the viewer is met with a radiant central cruciform, where a brilliant yellow core radiates outward, bounded by deep, contemplative blues. This interplay of light and shadow does not merely depict a symbol; it breathes life into it, transforming a static icon into a pulsating, energetic entity that seems to vibrate against the canvas.

    The composition is a masterclass in balanced tension. Surrounding the central cross, a constellation of orange squares drifts through the space, creating a rhythmic movement that guides the eye across the 46 x 46 cm surface. These geometric elements act as celestial satellites, grounding the ethereal light of the cross within a structured, mathematical reality. The technique reflects a sophisticated understanding of color theory, where the warmth of the orange and yellow provides a striking counterpoint to the cool, stabilizing presence of the blue edges, resulting in a visual harmony that is both intellectually stimulating and aesthetically soothing.

    The Intersection of Abstraction and Symbolism

    To behold Black Cross is to witness the dialogue between the abstract and the sacred. While the painting avoids the literalist traps of traditional religious art, it utilizes the language of abstraction to evoke the essence of the cross. The use of bold, non-representational shapes allows the viewer to experience the spiritual weight of the symbol without the distraction of figurative detail. This approach aligns with the broader movements of the era, where artists sought to strip away the superficial to reach a more primal, universal truth through color and form.

    For the discerning collector or interior designer, this piece offers an unparalleled opportunity to introduce a focal point of profound depth into a contemporary space. The painting’s ability to command attention through its high-contrast palette makes it an ideal centerpiece for modern galleries, minimalist living rooms, or sophisticated executive suites. It is more than a mere decoration; it is a conversation starter that invites contemplation on the nature of belief, the structure of the universe, and the enduring power of geometric beauty. Owning a high-quality reproduction of this work allows one to bring a fragment of 1960s avant-garde history into the modern home, providing an atmosphere of intellectual rigor and soulful elegance.

    Artist and museum

    Artist

    Samia Halaby

    Born in Jerusalem, Palestine

    A Visionary of Abstraction and Activism

    Samia Halaby stands as a monumental figure in the landscape of contemporary art, a Palestinian-American pioneer whose multifaceted practice spans the realms of abstract painting, computer art, and profound scholarship. Born in Jerusalem, her early life was shaped by the vibrant textures of Palestine—memories of lush gardens and the rhythmic dance of leaves that would later inform her sensory approach to color and form. The displacement of her family during the Nakba in 1948, which led them from Yafa to Lebanon and eventually to the United States, instilled in her a lifelong commitment to activism and a deep connection to the plight of her homeland. Her work is not merely an aesthetic pursuit but a complex dialogue between personal memory, historical struggle, and the universal language of geometry.

    Her artistic evolution is marked by a remarkable ability to bridge disparate worlds. As a scholar and educator, she has navigated the intersections of Islamic architectural geometry and the raw, emotive energy of Western abstract expressionism. This synthesis is evident in her mastery of movement; works such as Pink Flying Over Pink demonstrate a breathtaking fluidity where floral forms seem to defy gravity, caught in a sudden gust of wind. In these compositions, the boundaries between flora and atmosphere dissolve into a rhythmic display of color, utilizing a palette that breathes with life and controlled spontaneity.

    Technique, Tradition, and Digital Frontiers

    Halaby’s technical repertoire is as diverse as her intellectual interests. She has been recognized for her contributions to both traditional media and the burgeoning field of digital art. Her paintings often employ layered acrylics and intense color contrasts to create dynamic, Op Art-inspired experiences, while her earlier oil works, such as White Cross, showcase a profound minimalist presence through striking geometric designs. There is a recurring theme of structural rhythm in her work, where the complex geometries found in early Islamic art meet the experimental spirit of the Soviet avant-garde.

    Beyond the canvas, Halaby’s influence extends into the digital age, where she has been a pioneer of computer art. This exploration of new frontiers reflects her lifelong curiosity and her refusal to be confined by traditional boundaries. Her practice is characterized by:

    The use of pointillism and pastel tones to evoke serenity and joy in works like Morning Rain.

    A deep integration of Islamic geometric influences within contemporary abstract frameworks.

    An exploration of synesthetic experiences, where colors and shapes correlate with sensory perceptions.

    A commitment to using art as a medium for protesting injustices related to class, gender, and race.

    Legacy and Global Recognition

    The significance of Samia Halaby’s oeuvre is reflected in the prestigious institutions that house her work and the international honors she has received. Her paintings are part of esteemed collections worldwide, including the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York, the Institut du Monde Arabe in Paris, and the Palestinian Museum in Birzeit. Her inclusion in the 2024 Venice Biennale and her recognition as the recipient of the MUNCH Award 2025 underscore her standing as a visionary whose impact transcends borders.

    As an educator, her legacy is further cemented by her historic role as the first female associate professor at the Yale School of Art during the 1970s. Through her scholarship and her art, Halaby continues to challenge the margins of the art world, ensuring that the narratives of Palestinian identity and the complexities of abstraction remain at the forefront of global cultural discourse. Her life’s work remains a testament to the power of art to act as both a mirror to history and a window into the infinite possibilities of form and color.

    Museum

    The Ramzi and Saeda Dalloul Art Foundation

    On show in Beirut, Lebanon

    A Sanctuary of Contemporary Vision in Beirut

    In the heart of a city defined by its profound resilience and layered history,

    The Ramzi and Saeda Dalloul Art Foundation (DAF Beirut)

    emerges as a luminous beacon of cultural continuity. More than just a repository for fine art, this institution serves as a vital sanctuary where the pulse of contemporary creativity meets the enduring spirit of Lebanon. Established with a deep-seated commitment to fostering dialogue through visual language, the foundation acts as a bridge between local narratives and the global art discourse, offering a space where the ephemeral nature of modern life is captured, contemplated, and preserved.

    The architecture of the foundation itself whispers stories of modernity and light. Designed to complement the vibrant urban fabric of Beirut, the space provides an ethereal backdrop that allows the artworks to breathe. The interplay of shadow and illumination within its galleries creates a rhythmic experience for the visitor, guiding them through a curated journey of perception. For the discerning collector or the interior designer seeking inspiration, the foundation’s environment offers a masterclass in how structural elegance can harmonize with the raw, emotive power of contemporary painting and sculpture.

    A Tapestry of Arab Artistry

    The collection at DAF Beirut is a meticulously curated tapestry of voices, highlighting works that challenge boundaries and redefine perspectives. The foundation’s strength lies in its ability to present a diverse array of media, creating a seamless flow of historical context and avant-garde experimentation. Visitors may encounter:

    Large-scale installations

    that command the room with their physical presence;

    Intimate

    sketches

    that reveal the artist's most vulnerable moments;

    A vast range of media including painting, drawing, print, photography, ceramic, sculpture, tapestry, and installation.

    The collection includes works created by artists from across the Levant, North Africa, and the Arabian Peninsula. This extensive assembly was compiled by the late Dr. Ramzi Dalloul and his wife, Saeda Al-Husseini, starting in the 1970s, and continues to expand under the mission of safeguarding and promoting Arab art. Each piece is selected not merely for its aesthetic merit, but for its capacity to provoke thought and stir the soul.

    A Living Laboratory of Ideas

    What truly distinguishes The Ramzi and Saeda Dalloul Art Foundation is its role as an active participant in the living history of art. Through rotating exhibitions that tackle themes of identity, memory, and transformation, the foundation transcends the traditional role of a passive observer to become a laboratory for ideas. Its mission encompasses preservation, documentation, archiving, publication, research, and cultural events, all aimed at making Arab art accessible to both local and international audiences.

    Beyond its physical walls, the foundation’s dedication to disseminating knowledge is reflected in its expansive digital presence. The website acts as a digital reference for Arab art, providing vital resources for researchers and students alike. Whether through supporting international events like the Biennale Arte or through its profound commitment to local cultural engagement, DAF Beirut remains a dynamic, breathing force capable of reshaping our understanding of the world around us.

    Where to read more

    Find this online

    QR code linking to the download page for Black Cross

    originaluniqueart.com/en/art/download/samia-halaby-black-cross-D797ZV-en/

    Cite this artwork

    MLA
    Halaby, Samia. Black Cross. 1969, The Ramzi and Saeda Dalloul Art Foundation. https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/samia-halaby-black-cross-D797ZV-en/
    APA
    Halaby, Samia (1969). Black Cross [Painting]. The Ramzi and Saeda Dalloul Art Foundation. https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/samia-halaby-black-cross-D797ZV-en/
    Chicago
    Samia Halaby. Black Cross. 1969. The Ramzi and Saeda Dalloul Art Foundation. https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/samia-halaby-black-cross-D797ZV-en/
    Harvard
    Halaby, Samia (1969) Black Cross. The Ramzi and Saeda Dalloul Art Foundation. Available at: https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/samia-halaby-black-cross-D797ZV-en/

    Look closely

    Black Cross — Samia Halaby

    Look closely

    Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.

    1. What catches your eye first, and why?
    2. Which colours or shapes create the mood — and what is that mood?
    3. Our catalogue files this work under: abstract, cross, geometric. Do you agree? What would you add, or take away?
    4. Look back at Pink Flying Over Pink (2009), earlier in this guide. Name two things it shares with this work, and one that is different.
    5. Abstract Art: Abstraction built strictly from squares, circles and straight edges rather than free gesture. Where can you see that in this work?

    Your response

    Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.

    Questions & Answers

    What are the author and date of "Black Cross"?

    The author of "Black Cross" is Samia Halaby, and the work is dated 1969.

    What art movement does "Black Cross" by Samia Halaby belong to?

    The movement associated with "Black Cross" by Samia Halaby is Abstract Art. This classification situates the work among related artists and artworks.

    Can I see "Black Cross" by Samia Halaby on my own wall before buying?

    "Black Cross" has an augmented reality preview: the artwork's AR Preview page shows it in your own space on a compatible device.