Paper

Student Artwork Guide

Labourers

Name Class Date

George Stubbs, Labourers (1761), Yale Center for British Art. Public domain. See this canvas under a moving light: the drawing, the true colour under the varnish, the bare pigment

The facts

Artist
George Stubbs originaluniqueart.com/en/artists/george-stubbs/
Artist’s dates
1724 – 1806
Painted
1761
Medium
Oil On Canvas
Movement
Romanticism Art that puts feeling, wildness and the power of nature above calm order and rules.
Period
Early Modern
Held at
Yale Center for British Art originaluniqueart.com/en/museums/yale-center-for-british-art-new-haven/
Artistic style
Realism, detail-oriented
Influences
Stubbs, British art
Notable elements
Rural scene, horses
Subject or theme
Agricultural life

In context

Labourers — George Stubbs

When was this painted?

  1. 1720
  2. 1730
  3. 1740
  4. 1750
  5. 1760
  6. 1770
  7. 1780
  8. 1790
  9. 1800

Row above: the years. Row below: how old the artist was at the start and at the end of each span — 0 at birth, 82 at death.

Painted when the artist was 37. The artist lived to 82. 8 of the 136 dated works by this artist in our catalogue came earlier.

Shaded: the lifetime of George Stubbs (1724–1806) ▲ this work, 1761 every dated painting, decade by decade

First works: up to 1765 Main working years: 1765–1785 Late works: from 1785

Those three bands split the works this catalogue has a date for into a first quarter, a middle half and a last quarter. They are not the artist’s complete output: a thin stretch may be a gap in the record rather than a quiet spell. The same years with the artist’s life laid along them

Compare with

Pick one work above: name two things it shares with this one, and one thing that's different.

More works to set beside this one: originaluniqueart.com/en/art/similar/george-stubbs-labourers-AQZC2B-en/

Colours

Measured from the image

    Main colour

    Phthalo Green #272221

    Catalogued palette

    • #272221
    • #FDFDFD
    • #92755F
    • #543A2E

    These colours inside the artist’s whole palette Find other paintings by colour

    Palette
    Earthy The dominant colour family in the image.
    Main colour name
    Phthalo Green
    Intensity
    Monochromatic How saturated and varied the colours are, from a single toned-down hue to many bright ones.
    Contrast
    Statement How much the colours differ in lightness and saturation across the picture.
    Harmony
    Strong Color Unity How well the colours work together, from clashing to fully unified.
    Brightness
    Shadow How light or dark the picture reads overall, from deep shadow to bright highlight.
    Saturation
    Muted How pure and strong the colours are, from near-grey to fully vivid.

    Where in the world is this painting looked at?

    • under 1%
    • 1–3%
    • 3–8%
    • 8–20%
    • 20% and over
    This painting alone has too few recorded visitors to map, so the plate reads every work by George Stubbs over the last twelve months — 12 countries in all. Where these figures come from

    The ten leading countries

    1. 1 China 66.7%
    2. 2 United States of America 15.4%
    3. 3 Singapore 5.7%
    4. 4 Hong Kong 4.1%
    5. 5 Canada 1.6%
    6. 6 Guatemala 1.6%
    7. 7 Australia 0.8%
    8. 8 Brazil 0.8%
    9. 9 Colombia 0.8%
    10. 10 Italy 0.8%
    11. · 2 other countries 1.7%

    Find the three darkest countries on the map. Is the museum that keeps this painting in any of them? Write down one reason people far away might look at it.

    The 20 most looked-at works by George Stubbs

    1. 1 A Bay Hunter With Two Spaniels, 1777 19.0%
    2. 2 The Grosvenor Hunt, 1762 3.4%
    3. 3 Lion Attacking a Horse, 1765 2.7%
    4. 4 Horse Frightened by a Lion, 1770 2.7%
    5. 5 Finished study for, 1758 2.7%
    6. 6 Molly Long-legs with her Jockey, 1762 2.0%
    7. 7 Firetail with his Trainer by the Rubbing-Down House on Newmarket Heath, 1773 2.0%
    8. 8 Lord Grosvenor, 1765 2.0%
    9. 9 Rhinoceros, 1792 2.0%
    10. 10 The Prince of Wales, 1793 2.0%
    11. 11 Joseph Smyth Esquire, Lieutenant of Whittlebury Forest, Northamptonshire, on a Dapple Grey Horse, 1764 2.0%
    12. 12 The Lincolnshire Ox, 1790 1.4%
    13. 13 James Stanley, 1755 1.4%
    14. 14 Harvest, 1785 1.4%
    15. 15 Tiger, 1771 1.4%
    16. 16 Freeman, The Earl of Clarendon's Gamekeeper, with a Dying Doe and Hound, 1800 1.4%
    17. 17 Mares and Foals in a River Landscape, 1768 1.4%
    18. 18 George Fothergill of York (1689–1770), 1746 1.4%
    19. 19 'Molly Long Legs' with Her Jockey, 1762 1.4%
    20. 50 Labourers, 1761 this painting 0.7%

    Together these works take 54.4% of all the attention this artist's paintings received over the last twelve months. The catalogue holds 194 works by this artist, of which 71 were looked at at least once. This painting ranks 50 of them, with 0.7% of that attention. The same counts, month by month

    Bars measure attention, not quality. Pick the work at the top and this one: name one thing that might make a painting famous beyond how well it is painted.

    About this artwork

    Labourers — George Stubbs

    A Glimpse into Eighteenth-Century Rural Life

    George Stubbs’s Labourers is more than just a depiction of farm work; it is a vibrant tableau vivant, a carefully composed meditation on the rhythm and resilience of life in eighteenth-century England. When one gazes upon this oil on canvas from 1761, one is instantly transported away from the clamor of modern existence and into a pastoral scene steeped in earthy warmth. The painting captures a moment of pause—a gathering around a horse-drawn carriage—where labor seems momentarily suspended for conversation or shared contemplation. Stubbs masterfully situates his figures against a backdrop suggesting both cultivated land and the permanence of country architecture, lending the entire composition an air of serene, enduring tranquility.

    Mastery in Form and Figure

    What elevates Labourers beyond mere genre painting is Stubbs’s unparalleled technical skill. While he was celebrated for his breathtaking studies of equine anatomy—a passion evident in every sinew and muscle depicted—he never allowed this specialization to overshadow the humanity within the scene. Observe the horses; they are rendered with a startling, almost scientific realism, yet they move with palpable life. The men themselves, gathered near the cart, possess an engaging naturalism. Stubbs’s brushwork is bold and expressive, suggesting movement even in repose. This technique allows the viewer to feel the energy humming beneath the surface calm, connecting the physical power of the animals with the subtle nuances of human interaction.

    The Symbolism of Community and Industry

    Symbolically, this work speaks volumes about the interconnectedness of rural life. The presence of the dog near the foreground anchors the scene in domestic reality, while the carriage itself represents both transport and the structure of community endeavor. It is a celebration of industry, yes, but more profoundly, it is an ode to collaboration. The earthy tones that dominate the palette—the browns of the wood, the muted greens of the foliage, the warm ochres of the clothing—wrap the entire scene in a comforting embrace, suggesting a deep-rooted connection between man, beast, and the land that sustains them.

    Bringing History Home: Owning a Masterpiece

    For the collector or designer seeking to infuse a space with authentic historical depth, Labourers offers an unparalleled opportunity. Reproducing such a significant work allows one to curate not just art, but a piece of documented history. The ability to own a reproduction means that this narrative—this snapshot of Georgian English life—can grace your walls, inviting contemplation and conversation. It serves as a timeless focal point, grounding any room with the quiet dignity and enduring beauty captured by George Stubbs over two centuries ago.

    Artist and museum

    Artist

    George Stubbs

    Born in Liverpool, United Kingdom

    early life and training

    george stubbs, a renowned english painter, was born on august 25, 1724, in liverpool, united kingdom. his early life was marked by a sparse record of his activities until the age of 35, with most information sourced from ozias humphry's memoirs, based on conversations with stubbs in 1794. stubbs began his artistic journey at the age of 15, initially working under his father, a currier or leather-dresser. he later approached hamlet winstanley, a lancashire painter and engraver, for a brief apprenticeship. this short stint allowed him to study the collection at knowsley hall.

    artistic development and notable works

    stubbs's passion for anatomy led him to move to york in 1744, where he studied under surgeon charles atkinson at york county hospital. one of his earliest surviving works is a set of illustrations for john burton's textbook on midwifery, published in 1751. in 1756, stubbs rented a farmhouse in lincolnshire and spent 18 months dissecting horses, assisted by his common-law wife, mary spencer. this led to the publication of the anatomy of the horse in 1766, with original drawings now housed at the royal academy. stubbs's work was soon recognized by leading aristocratic patrons, including the 3rd duke of richmond, who commissioned three large pictures in 1759. this marked the beginning of his successful career, with works produced for several dukes and lords, culminating in the purchase of a house in marylebone, london.

    legacy and notable paintings

    stubbs's most famous work, whistlejacket, a painting of a prancing horse commissioned by the 2nd marquess of rockingham, is now housed at the national gallery in london. this and two other paintings for rockingham break with convention, featuring plain backgrounds.

    whistlejacket, a thoroughbred race horse rising on his hind legs, showcases stubbs's unparalleled skill in capturing the essence of horses.

    stubbs's series of paintings on a lion attacking a horse are early examples of the romantic movement, demonstrating his influence on 18th-century art.

    stubbs's legacy as an equine artist remains unmatched, with his works continuing to inspire and awe art enthusiasts worldwide.

    view stubbs's artwork at https://AllPaintingsStore.com/@/george_stubbs

    explore the national gallery in london's collection, featuring stubbs's notable works, at /en/art/show/art-8xyffg-en/

    learn more about stubbs's life and work on wikipedia at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/george_stubbs

    Museum

    Yale Center for British Art

    On show in New Haven, United States of America

    A Window into a Nation’s Soul: Exploring the Yale Center for British Art

    Nestled within the heart of New Haven, Connecticut, the Yale Center for British Art isn't merely a museum; it’s an immersive experience, a pilgrimage through five centuries of British identity. Founded in 1966 with a breathtaking gift from Paul Mellon’s extraordinary collection – amassed over decades and representing a pivotal moment in art history – the center has evolved into one of the world’s foremost repositories of British artistic achievement. Stepping inside is akin to entering a luminous sanctuary, designed by the architectural visionary Louis Kahn, where light itself becomes a participant in the narrative of the art it houses. The building's stark, travertine walls and soaring ceilings create an atmosphere of profound contemplation, immediately setting the stage for an encounter with masterpieces that capture the nation’s spirit, its triumphs, and its complexities.

    The collection’s deliberate focus – spanning from William Hogarth’s vibrant depictions of 18th-century society to J.M.W. Turner’s revolutionary landscapes – offers a remarkably detailed portrait of Britain during a period of immense transformation. It's not simply about showcasing individual works; it’s about understanding the evolution of British aesthetics, social customs, and political thought. Key highlights include Hogarth’s sharp-eyed commentary on aristocratic life through paintings like “A Rake’s Progress,” Gainsborough’s elegant portraits capturing the nuances of the gentry, and Turner's dramatic landscapes that redefined the possibilities of color and light – a radical departure from the established academic tradition. Beyond these iconic pieces, the collection boasts an astonishing array of drawings, prints, and rare books, providing invaluable insights into the creative process and the cultural context surrounding each artwork. The Yale Center doesn’t just display art; it breathes with the energy of a nation grappling with change, celebrating tradition, and pushing the boundaries of artistic expression.

    The Architectural Legacy of Louis Kahn

    To truly appreciate the Yale Center for British Art, one must acknowledge the profound influence of its architect, Louis I. Kahn. Kahn’s design philosophy was rooted in a deep reverence for light, space, and material – principles he translated into this iconic building with breathtaking precision. The structure isn't simply a container for art; it’s an integral part of the artistic experience itself. The use of Italian travertine marble creates a sense of timelessness and solidity, while the expansive skylights flood the galleries with diffused natural light, eliminating the need for artificial illumination and allowing the colors and textures of the artworks to truly shine.

    Kahn’s design deliberately avoids ornamentation, prioritizing simplicity and clarity – a testament to his belief that the architecture should serve as a subtle backdrop, enhancing rather than distracting from the art it houses. The building's geometry, with its interlocking spaces and carefully considered proportions, invites contemplation and encourages visitors to slow down and fully engage with the works on display. The interplay of light and shadow within the vast galleries is particularly striking, creating an atmosphere that feels both monumental and intimate. Kahn’s genius lies in his ability to create a space that elevates the viewing experience, fostering a profound connection between the observer and the masterpiece.

    Notable Artwork Highlights: A Journey Through British Art

    The Yale Center's collection offers a remarkable journey through British art history. Several works stand out as particularly compelling examples of the era’s artistic achievements. “Fen Bridge Lane” by Thomas Gainsborough, for instance, captures the serene beauty of rural England with an almost idyllic quality – a testament to the Romantic movement’s fascination with nature. William Blake's "Los Entering the Grave" is a powerfully evocative depiction of mortality and spirituality, showcasing the artist’s unique blend of mythology and symbolism. John Constable’s “A View near Flatford Mill” exemplifies Turner’s revolutionary approach to light and color, transforming a seemingly simple landscape into a vibrant explosion of emotion and atmosphere. These are just a few glimpses into the richness and diversity of the collection – each artwork offering a window into the lives, beliefs, and experiences of those who shaped British culture.

    Current Exhibitions and Ongoing Engagement

    The Yale Center for British Art remains a vibrant hub for scholarship and public engagement. Currently, “In a New Light: Five Centuries of British Art” illuminates a compelling dialogue between past and present, juxtaposing the dramatic landscapes of J.M.W. Turner with the contemporary explorations of Tracey Emin. This exhibition underscores the enduring relevance of British artistic heritage while simultaneously highlighting its ongoing evolution. Beyond current exhibitions, the Center consistently presents a dynamic program of lectures, workshops, film screenings, and family programs – offering diverse opportunities for learning and appreciation. The institution’s affiliation with the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art in London facilitates international collaborations and expands the reach of Yale’s research initiatives.

    A Legacy of Accessibility and Research

    The Yale Center is committed to making its collection accessible to all, offering free admission to the public. Furthermore, it maintains a significant collection of rare books and manuscripts, providing invaluable resources for researchers studying British art history and culture. The Center’s dedication to scholarship extends beyond research; it actively supports fellowships, grants, and exhibitions, fostering a dynamic exchange between artists, scholars, and the wider community. It's a place where the past comes alive, inviting visitors to delve deeper into the stories behind the masterpieces and explore the rich tapestry of British artistic heritage.

    Where to read more

    Find this online

    QR code linking to the download page for Labourers

    originaluniqueart.com/en/art/download/george-stubbs-labourers-AQZC2B-en/

    Cite this artwork

    MLA
    Stubbs, George. Labourers. 1761, Yale Center for British Art. https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/george-stubbs-labourers-AQZC2B-en/
    APA
    Stubbs, George (1761). Labourers [Painting]. Yale Center for British Art. https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/george-stubbs-labourers-AQZC2B-en/
    Chicago
    George Stubbs. Labourers. 1761. Yale Center for British Art. https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/george-stubbs-labourers-AQZC2B-en/
    Harvard
    Stubbs, George (1761) Labourers. Yale Center for British Art. Available at: https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/george-stubbs-labourers-AQZC2B-en/

    Look closely

    Labourers — George Stubbs

    Look closely

    Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.

    1. What catches your eye first, and why?
    2. Which colours or shapes create the mood — and what is that mood?
    3. Our catalogue files this work under: rural life, horse painting, 18th century. Do you agree? What would you add, or take away?
    4. Look back at Lion Attacking a Horse (1765), earlier in this guide. Name two things it shares with this work, and one that is different.
    5. Romanticism: Art that puts feeling, wildness and the power of nature above calm order and rules. Where can you see that in this work?

    Your response

    Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.

    Art quiz

    Labourers — George Stubbs

    How well do you know this artwork?

    Tick one answer for each of the 5 questions below. Each has exactly one correct answer.

    1. 1. What is the primary subject depicted in George Stubbs’s ‘Labourers’?

      • A A wealthy landowner overseeing his estate.
      • B A group of laborers working on a farm and transporting bricks.
      • C A royal family portrait in their country home.
    2. 2. In what century was George Stubbs’s ‘Labourers’ painted?

      • A 16th Century
      • B 18th Century
      • C 19th Century
    3. 3. Which of the following best describes George Stubbs’s artistic style as evident in ‘Labourers’?

      • A Highly stylized and abstract, focusing on geometric forms.
      • B Realistic depiction with attention to detail and dynamic movement.
      • C Impressionistic, capturing fleeting moments of light and color.
    4. 4. The painting ‘Labourers’ is currently housed in which museum?

      • A The Louvre Museum
      • B The Yale Center For British Art
      • C The Metropolitan Museum of Art
    5. 5. What does the presence of horses and a cart in ‘Labourers’ suggest about the scene?

      • A It represents a celebration of rural prosperity.
      • B It highlights the importance of agriculture and manual labor in 18th-century England.
      • C It symbolizes the power and status of the aristocracy.

    My score: ____ out of 5

    Answer key — for the teacher

    This starts a fresh printed page, so it can simply be left out of the copies.

    1B · 2B · 3B · 4B · 5B

    Check any answer against the catalogue record for this painting

    Questions & Answers

    What is the creation date of "Labourers" by George Stubbs?

    The creation of "Labourers" by George Stubbs is dated 1761.

    Where should a reproduction of "Labourers" by George Stubbs be hung?

    With its landscape shape, a reproduction of "Labourers" is suggested for a living room.

    What is the color identity of "Labourers" by George Stubbs?

    "Labourers" by George Stubbs uses an earthy palette, with phthalo green (#272221) as the dominant color.