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Student Artwork Guide

Plum-blossom study

Name Class Date

Chen Hongshou, Plum-blossom study (1640), National Gallery of Victoria. Public domain. See this canvas under a moving light: the drawing, the true colour under the varnish, the bare pigment

The facts

Artist
Chen Hongshou originaluniqueart.com/en/artists/chen-hongshou/
Artist’s dates
1598 – 1652
Painted
1640
Original size
129 x 55 cm
Held at
National Gallery of Victoria originaluniqueart.com/en/museums/national-gallery-of-victoria-melbourne/

In context

Plum-blossom study — Chen Hongshou

How big is it?

The original measures 129 × 55 cm (height × width), drawn here beside an adult of average height.

When was this painted?

  1. 1590
  2. 1600
  3. 1610
  4. 1620
  5. 1630
  6. 1640
  7. 1650

Row above: the years. Row below: how old the artist was at the start and at the end of each span — 0 at birth, 54 at death.

Painted when the artist was 42. The artist lived to 54. 9 of the 10 dated works by this artist in our catalogue came earlier.

Shaded: the lifetime of Chen Hongshou (1598–1652) ▲ this work, 1640 every dated painting, decade by decade

First works: up to 1620 Main working years: 1620–1633 Late works: from 1633

Those three bands split the works this catalogue has a date for into a first quarter, a middle half and a last quarter. They are not the artist’s complete output: a thin stretch may be a gap in the record rather than a quiet spell. The same years with the artist’s life laid along them

Compare with

  • Vase of Flowers originaluniqueart.com/en/art/chen-hongshou-vase-of-flowers-D2UEBL-en/
  • Tasting tea originaluniqueart.com/en/art/chen-hongshou-tasting-tea-AQR3LS-en/
  • Untitled (D2X2AS), 1620 originaluniqueart.com/en/art/chen-hongshou-untitled-d2x2as-D2X2AS-en/

Pick one work above: name two things it shares with this one, and one thing that's different.

More works to set beside this one: originaluniqueart.com/en/art/similar/chen-hongshou-plum-blossom-study-D4375V-en/

Colours

Measured from the image

    Main colour

    Putty #d9c5a9

    Catalogued palette

    • #D9C5A9
    • #796B5A
    • #AF9E87
    • #3C3329

    These colours inside the artist’s whole palette Find other paintings by colour

    Palette
    Neutrals The dominant colour family in the image.
    Main colour name
    Putty
    Intensity
    Balanced How saturated and varied the colours are, from a single toned-down hue to many bright ones.
    Contrast
    Serene How much the colours differ in lightness and saturation across the picture.
    Harmony
    Unified Palette How well the colours work together, from clashing to fully unified.
    Brightness
    Brilliant How light or dark the picture reads overall, from deep shadow to bright highlight.
    Saturation
    Subtle Color How pure and strong the colours are, from near-grey to fully vivid.

    Where in the world is this painting looked at?

    • under 1%
    • 1–3%
    • 3–8%
    • 8–20%
    • 20% and over
    This painting alone has too few recorded visitors to map, so the plate reads every work by Chen Hongshou over the last twelve months — 5 countries in all. Where these figures come from

    The ten leading countries

    1. 1 China 60.0%900 visits
    2. 2 Singapore 13.3%200 visits
    3. 3 United States of America 13.3%200 visits
    4. 4 United Kingdom 6.7%100 visits
    5. 5 Hong Kong 6.7%100 visits

    Find the three darkest countries on the map. Is the museum that keeps this painting in any of them? Write down one reason people far away might look at it.

    The 11 most looked-at works by Chen Hongshou

    1. 1 Untitled (D2X2AS), 1620 20.0%300 visits
    2. 2 Plum-blossom study, 1640 this painting 13.3%200 visits
    3. 3 Tasting tea 13.3%200 visits
    4. 4 Figures, flowers, and landscapes, 1627 6.7%100 visits
    5. 5 Landscapes, Figures, and Flowers, 1618 6.7%100 visits
    6. 6 Scholar-recluse in blue-green landscape, 1633 6.7%100 visits
    7. 7 SEVEN SAGES OF THE BAMBOO GROVE 6.7%100 visits
    8. 8 明 清 陳洪綬 準提佛母法像圖 軸 Bodhisattva Guanyin in the Form of the Buddha Mother, 1620 6.7%100 visits
    9. 9 ORIOLE AND DAISIES 6.7%100 visits
    10. 10 FIGURES 6.7%100 visits
    11. 11 SEEKING INSPIRATION 6.7%100 visits

    Together these works take 100.0% of all the attention this artist's paintings received over the last twelve months. The catalogue holds 24 works by this artist, of which 11 were looked at at least once. This painting ranks 2 of them, with 13.3% of that attention (200 visits). The same counts, month by month

    Bars measure attention, not quality. Pick the work at the top and this one: name one thing that might make a painting famous beyond how well it is painted.

    About this artwork

    Plum-blossom study — Chen Hongshou

    Calligraphy, the art of handwriting, is regarded in China as the highest form of visual art. Its artistic and expressive qualities are independent of the meanings of the written words. This piece of calligraphy is in the form of a poem; a seven character quatrain written in four columns of semi-cursive script, read from right to left, top to bottom. The poem which was composed by Chen and written for a friend can be translated as follows:The Plum blossom study is crowded by chariots of war,I have already lost my home but my uncle has a house;In dreams, I go to the plum-blossoms and wake up in the studyBut thick frost and light snow have finished the blossoming plums. The poem is followed by the artist’s signature and inscription: ‘Hongshou wrote this for the appreciation of Erfu, elder brother in poetry’ and two artist’s seals. The poem is autobiographical and has political undertones. Chen speaks of the devastation brought about by war. Symbols of nature and literary puns are used to express different levels of meaning. The plum blossom, mentioned three times in the poem, symbolises the strength to survive under harsh conditions, as it has the power to regenerate itself. After surviving the cold winter, the prunus is the first tree to bloom in early spring, often before the snow has melted. Frost and snow are here used to signify the hostile elements that prematurely destroyed blossoming plums. The last character hua , meaning `blossoms’ in `mei (plum) hua (blossoms)’, also means `China or Chinese civilisation’. By implication, like the plum blossom, China will survive the foreign rule of the Manchu barbarians, in spite of the hostile elements of snow and frost, and will regenerate. In the semi-cursive style of calligraphy, Chen expresses his inner anguish with elegance and restraint. The character can (reading from right to left, second character from the bottom of the third row), meaning `remnant, remaining or light’, is written in soft, light ink, in almost one continuous brushstroke. The brushstrokes and tonal textures of ink are evocative of the resonance of the life force (qi in Chinese, pronounced `chee’) of nature, and the spontaneous movement of the brush reflects the natural flow of the artist’s life energy.Text by Dr Mae Anna Pang © National Gallery of Victoria, Australia

    Artist and museum

    Artist

    Chen Hongshou

    early life and artistic development

    chen hongshou, a prominent chinese painter, was born in 1598 in zhuji, zhejiang province, during the late ming dynasty. his courtesy name was zhanghou (章侯), with pseudonyms including laolian (老莲), fuchi (弗迆), yunmenseng (云门僧), huichi (悔迆), chiheshang (迆和尚) and huiseng (悔僧). under the tutelage of lan ying, chen honed his skills in painting peculiar human figures, landscapes, flower-and-bird art, utilizing plump, profound brushwork and precise color.

    artistic style and notable works

    chen's unique style set him apart from his contemporaries. his masterpieces, "shui hu ye zi" (水浒叶子) and "bo gu ye zi", are rare examples of the ming and qing dynasties' artistic excellence. these works showcase his skill in capturing the essence of traditional chinese art.

    museum collections and worldwide recognition

    chen's works are preserved in museums globally, including:

    appreciating plums, guangdong provincial museum

    man holding ganoderma lucidum

    an elegant gathering, shanghai museum

    drinking wine in the garden, shanghai museum

    landscape of pine valley, shanghai museum

    tao yuanming, honolulu museum of art

    chen's legacy extends beyond his art; he was also skilled in calligraphy, poetry, and prose.

    explore chen hongshou's world at AllPaintingsStore.com

    dive into the enigmatic world of chen hongshou through [https://AllPaintingsStore.com/@/chen-hongshou](https://AllPaintingsStore.com/@/chen-hongshou), where you can discover more about his life, art, and the era he lived in. AllPaintingsStore.com offers a vast collection of art reproductions, including chen's works, allowing you to bring a piece of history into your home.

    visit /en/art/show/art-d3cl2x-en/ for a journey through art history with AllPaintingsStore's extensive collection.

    explore the [medieval art (12th-15th /en/art/show/medieval/ section for more insights into the evolution of art.

    immerse yourself in the captivating world of chen hongshou and the rich heritage of chinese art.

    Museum

    National Gallery of Victoria

    On show in Melbourne, Australia

    A Legacy Forged in Light and Stone: The National Gallery of Victoria

    Nestled within the vibrant heart of Melbourne, Australia’s cultural capital, stands the National Gallery of Victoria – a testament not merely to artistic achievement but also to the evolving spirit of a nation. Founded amidst the feverish excitement of the gold rush era in 1861, the NGV began its journey as a modest repository for plaster casts, surrogates for the treasures held across Europe, offering a vital link to heritage for a nascent colony eager to connect with established artistic traditions. Today, it has blossomed into an institution of unparalleled breadth and depth, housing over 76,000 works spanning centuries and continents – a living chronicle of human creativity interwoven with the unique narrative of Australia itself. More than just a museum, the NGV is a carefully curated conversation across time and cultures, inviting visitors to contemplate the very essence of what it means to be human, a dialogue sparked by masterpieces both familiar and profoundly unexpected.

    The gallery’s story begins with a pragmatic response to colonial aspirations: an early vision rooted in the desire for cultural parity. Initial collections focused on plaster casts of European sculptures, providing tangible connections to artistic lineages that would otherwise have remained distant. This strategic choice underscored a deep-seated ambition to emulate the cultural sophistication of established European powers – a reflection of the era’s fervent belief in the transformative power of art and its ability to shape national identity. However, this initial focus quickly evolved as the NGV embraced a broader scope, recognizing the importance of representing diverse artistic voices and traditions from around the globe. The acquisition of original paintings, particularly those by British masters, marked a pivotal shift, laying the foundation for the gallery’s renowned collection of European art.

    The architectural landscape surrounding the NGV is as compelling as its internal collections. NGV International, designed by Sir Roy Grounds and later reimagined with Mario Bellini's elegant touch, immediately commands attention. Its layered spaces are deliberately conceived to guide visitors through centuries of artistic endeavor, bathed in natural light – a conscious effort to foster immersion and connection. The building’s soaring ceilings, expansive windows, and carefully considered circulation patterns create an atmosphere of both grandeur and intimacy. Adjacent to this grand building is The Ian Potter Centre: NGV Australia at Federation Square, a contrasting space designed by Lab Architecture Studio that embodies the dynamism of Australian art. This modern structure, with its striking geometric forms and use of glass, provides a powerful counterpoint to the more traditional aesthetic of the International wing, reflecting the gallery’s commitment to showcasing both international and domestic talent.

    A Kaleidoscope of Artistic Voices

    The NGV’s collection defies easy categorization, reflecting an unwavering commitment to representing global artistic expression. From Hugh Ramsay's hauntingly introspective portraits capturing the melancholy of Australia finding its voice – works that powerfully document the transition from colonial outpost to independent nation – to Kusakabe Kimbei’s pioneering Japanese photography and Rupert Charles Wulsten Bunny’s luminous Australian paintings celebrated in Paris, the gallery champions artists from diverse backgrounds and traditions. The collection isn't simply a chronological survey of Western art; it actively seeks out narratives often overlooked by mainstream institutions, highlighting Indigenous Australian art practices, celebrating the contributions of women artists, and showcasing the artistic innovations of cultures beyond Europe and North America. The recent exhibitions exploring contemporary Indigenous art practices, for instance, have been particularly impactful, offering vital insights into Australia’s complex history and ongoing cultural dialogue.

    Notable Exhibitions & Ongoing Dialogue

    Recent exhibitions have explored contemporary Indigenous art practices, retrospectives honoring Australian masters, and investigations into global social issues through visual art. The gallery consistently strives to engage with the most pressing questions of our time, using art as a catalyst for critical reflection and dialogue. Guided tours illuminate the collection’s highlights and historical context, fostering a deeper understanding of artistic significance. Currently, “The House at Rueil,” by Édouard Manet, alongside Kimbei’s photographic albums and Bunny’s idyllic landscapes, exemplifies the gallery’s dedication to both international and domestic talent. These exhibitions demonstrate the NGV's ability to seamlessly weave together diverse narratives, creating a rich and layered experience for visitors.

    Beyond the Walls: A Holistic Approach

    What truly distinguishes the NGV is its holistic approach to art appreciation—a space for contemplation, discovery, and inspiration. It’s a cultural cornerstone where art breathes life into history, prompting visitors to engage in meaningful dialogue about human experience. The gallery's commitment extends beyond simply displaying artworks; it actively fosters community engagement through educational programs, public lectures, and artist residencies. The NGV recognizes that art is not confined to the museum walls but rather exists as a vital part of the broader cultural landscape, contributing to the vibrancy and intellectual life of Melbourne and Australia. The gallery’s dedication to accessibility ensures that everyone can experience the transformative power of art, regardless of their background or expertise.

    Additional Resources

    National Gallery of Victoria Website:

    https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/

    Wikipedia Entry:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Victoria

    Instagram Account:

    @ngvmelbourne

    Where to read more

    Find this online

    QR code linking to the download page for Plum-blossom study

    originaluniqueart.com/en/art/download/chen-hongshou-plum-blossom-study-D4375V-en/

    Cite this artwork

    MLA
    Hongshou, Chen. Plum-blossom study. 1640, National Gallery of Victoria. https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/chen-hongshou-plum-blossom-study-D4375V-en/
    APA
    Hongshou, Chen (1640). Plum-blossom study [Painting]. National Gallery of Victoria. https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/chen-hongshou-plum-blossom-study-D4375V-en/
    Chicago
    Chen Hongshou. Plum-blossom study. 1640. National Gallery of Victoria. https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/chen-hongshou-plum-blossom-study-D4375V-en/
    Harvard
    Hongshou, Chen (1640) Plum-blossom study. National Gallery of Victoria. Available at: https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/chen-hongshou-plum-blossom-study-D4375V-en/

    Look closely

    Plum-blossom study — Chen Hongshou

    Look closely

    Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.

    1. What catches your eye first, and why?
    2. Which colours or shapes create the mood — and what is that mood?
    3. Look back at Vase of Flowers, earlier in this guide. Name two things it shares with this work, and one that is different.
    4. Chen Hongshou was about 42 when this was made. What in it looks like the work of an artist at that stage?
    5. What might the artist have wanted you to feel?

    Your response

    Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.

    Questions & Answers

    How do I preview a reproduction of "Plum-blossom study" by Chen Hongshou?

    The Preview page of "Plum-blossom study" lets you preview the artwork before ordering.

    Is a high-resolution download of "Plum-blossom study" available?

    A digital image of "Plum-blossom study" by Chen Hongshou can be purchased on its Digital Image page: a high-resolution digital image download.

    How many people view "Plum-blossom study"?

    The Stats page of "Plum-blossom study" by Chen Hongshou presents public visit statistics: monthly visits of this artwork, a comparison with the artist's most viewed works, and where its visitors come from.