Paper

Student Artwork Guide

W. E. B. Du Bois

Name Class Date

Addison N. Scurlock, W. E. B. Du Bois (1911), National Portrait Gallery. Reproduced for reference; rights reserved by the rights holder. See this canvas under a moving light: the drawing, the true colour under the varnish, the bare pigment

The facts

Artist
Addison N. Scurlock originaluniqueart.com/en/artists/addison-n-scurlock/
Artist’s dates
1883 – 1964
Painted
1911
Original size
34 x 41 cm
Held at
National Portrait Gallery originaluniqueart.com/en/museums/national-portrait-gallery-washington-d-c/
Artistic style
Black and white photography
Influences
Early 20th century photography
Notable elements
Portrait of Du Bois
Subject or theme
African American intellectual

In context

W. E. B. Du Bois — Addison N. Scurlock

How big is it?

The original measures 34 × 41 cm (height × width), drawn here beside an adult of average height.

When was this painted?

  1. 1880
  2. 1890
  3. 1900
  4. 1910
  5. 1920
  6. 1930
  7. 1940
  8. 1950
  9. 1960

Row above: the years. Row below: how old the artist was at the start and at the end of each span — 0 at birth, 81 at death.

Painted when the artist was 28. The artist lived to 81. 0 of the 2 dated works by this artist in our catalogue came earlier.

Shaded: the lifetime of Addison N. Scurlock (1883–1964) ▲ this work, 1911 every dated painting, decade by decade

Compare with

Pick one work above: name two things it shares with this one, and one thing that's different.

More works to set beside this one: originaluniqueart.com/en/art/similar/addison-n-scurlock-w-e-b-du-bois-D44V7E-en/

Colours

Measured from the image

    Main colour

    Espresso #524925

    Catalogued palette

    • #524925
    • #867846
    • #302E17
    • #C1B176

    These colours inside the artist’s whole palette Find other paintings by colour

    Main colour name
    Espresso
    Intensity
    Balanced How saturated and varied the colours are, from a single toned-down hue to many bright ones.
    Contrast
    Gentle How much the colours differ in lightness and saturation across the picture.
    Harmony
    Unified Palette How well the colours work together, from clashing to fully unified.
    Brightness
    Shadow How light or dark the picture reads overall, from deep shadow to bright highlight.
    Saturation
    Balanced Soft How pure and strong the colours are, from near-grey to fully vivid.

    About this artwork

    W. E. B. Du Bois — Addison N. Scurlock

    The Weight of the Color Line: Addison N. Scurlock’s Masterpiece

    Addison Norton Scurlock's 1911 photograph of W. E. B. Du Bois stands as more than just a portrait; it is a meticulously crafted document of an era, a visual embodiment of the complex social and intellectual currents shaping early 20th-century America. The image captures Du Bois not merely as a prominent scholar and activist, but as a man wrestling with the profound “double consciousness” – a term he himself coined – that defined the Black experience in a nation grappling with its own identity. Scurlock’s skill lies not just in his technical proficiency, but in his ability to subtly convey the weight of this historical burden through composition, light, and the very gaze of the subject.

    (Image courtesy of Smithsonian Archives)

    A Window into Washington’s Black Community

    Scurlock's work was deeply rooted in the vibrant, yet often overlooked, community of African Americans in Washington D.C. during this period. He wasn’t simply a portraitist; he was an active participant in documenting the daily lives, cultural expressions, and political aspirations of Black Washingtonians. His studio became a central hub, a place where families sought dignified portraits – a tangible assertion of their presence and identity within a society that frequently denied them recognition. The photograph itself reflects this community engagement, hinting at a setting beyond the formal studio, suggesting a moment captured in a more relaxed, intimate environment.

    The backdrop, though subtly rendered, speaks volumes about the era. It’s not a grand cityscape or an opulent interior; instead, it suggests a quiet street scene – a deliberate choice that anchors Du Bois within his immediate context and highlights his connection to the everyday realities of Black life in Washington.

    Technical Mastery and Photographic Language

    Scurlock's mastery is evident in the photograph’s nuanced details. The use of black and white gelatin silver print lends a timeless quality, with subtle tonal variations creating depth and texture. Note the careful control of light – it illuminates Du Bois’s face, drawing attention to his thoughtful expression while leaving the background softly shadowed. This technique emphasizes the subject's presence without overwhelming him. The composition is carefully balanced; Du Bois’s posture conveys a sense of quiet contemplation, while his slightly turned head invites the viewer into his thoughts.

    Furthermore, Scurlock’s use of photographic techniques—particularly in capturing the subtle nuances of expression—demonstrates an understanding that went beyond mere documentation. He was striving to create a portrait that resonated with both intellectual and emotional depth.

    Symbolism and the “Double Consciousness”

    Du Bois's gaze, directed slightly off-camera, is particularly significant. It’s not a direct, confrontational stare; rather, it suggests introspection and a considered awareness of his position within American society. This subtle shift in focus powerfully embodies the concept of "double consciousness" – the feeling of always looking at oneself through the eyes of others, as articulated by Du Bois himself. The photograph becomes a visual representation of this internal struggle: the simultaneous experience of being both an African American and an American citizen.

    The image serves as a poignant reminder of the challenges faced by Black intellectuals during this period – the constant need to navigate racial prejudice while striving for social justice and intellectual advancement. Scurlock’s photograph is not simply a portrait; it's a powerful testament to Du Bois’s legacy and the enduring significance of his ideas.

    Artist and museum

    Artist

    Addison N. Scurlock

    Born in Fayetteville, United States of America

    **a pioneer in documenting black washington**

    addison n. scurlock, an american photographer, founder of the scurlock studio, and astute businessman, left an indelible mark on the early and mid-20th century with his photographs of black washington. born in fayetteville, north carolina in 1883, scurlock's life trajectory is a testament to his dedication to capturing the essence of african american life during a pivotal era.

    **early life and career**

    scurlock's photographic journey began in the early 20th century, with a focus on documenting the lives of african americans in washington, d.c. this pioneering work not only showcased his technical skill but also highlighted the social and cultural landscape of the time.

    key achievements:

    founding the scurlock studio, a hub for photographic excellence.

    capturing the essence of black washington, providing a visual archive of its history.

    mentoring his sons, robert and george scurlock, who followed in his footsteps as photographers.

    notable works:*

    w. e. b. du bois (gelatin silver print, national portrait gallery, washington, united states) - a testament to scurlock's ability to capture the essence of influential figures.

    other works, though not as widely recognized, continue to serve as a window into the lives of african americans during the early 20th century.

    **legacy and impact**

    scurlock's legacy extends beyond his photographic contributions. he paved the way for future generations of photographers, particularly those from underrepresented communities. his work serves as a reminder of the importance of documenting diverse experiences.

    influence on future generations: scurlock's sons and other photographers have continued to build upon his legacy.

    cultural significance: his photographs offer a unique perspective on african american life during a transformative period in u.s. history.

    **conclusion**

    addison n. scurlock's photographic legacy is a powerful reminder of the importance of documenting diverse experiences. through his work, we gain a deeper understanding of the social and cultural dynamics at play during the early 20th century.

    explore more:*

    visit the scurlock studio's page on AllPaintingsStore.com for more information on his life and works.

    discover other photographers who have made significant contributions to the world of photography on AllPaintingsStore.com.

    references:

    painting by 'addison n. scurlock' | addison n. scurlock: w. e. b. du bois

    artist page: addison n. scurlock

    Museum

    National Portrait Gallery

    On show in Washington, D.C., United States of America

    A Window into the American Soul: Exploring the National Portrait Gallery

    The Smithsonian’s National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C., is not merely a collection of faces captured in paint or photograph; it's an ambitious and deeply moving chronicle of the American experience, told through the individuals who have shaped its narrative. Stepping into this grand hall feels like entering a vast chamber of national memory, where presidents stand shoulder to shoulder with artists, scientists mingle with activists, and each portrait whispers stories of ambition, innovation, and resilience. The museum doesn’t simply show you history—it invites you to connect with it on a profoundly personal level, recognizing the human spirit behind the historical achievements. This unique approach distinguishes the NPG from traditional museums focused solely on events or movements; here, individuals take center stage, their portraits serving as portals into their worlds and legacies. The power of portraiture lies in its ability to distill a life, a character, an entire era, into a single, compelling image, and the National Portrait Gallery masterfully curates this distillation for the American story.

    Echoes of History Within Historic Walls

    The gallery’s home is itself a significant piece of American history: the majestic Old Patent Office Building. Completed in 1836, this architectural marvel embodies the aspirations of a young nation, its imposing Greek Revival style symbolizing strength, order, and intellectual pursuit. The building's soaring spaces and intricate details—the grand corridors, ornate plasterwork, and abundant natural light—provide a fitting backdrop for the portraits within, enhancing their impact and creating an atmosphere of reverence. Sharing space with the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the building is a testament to the nation’s commitment to both artistic expression and historical preservation. Within these walls, one can almost feel the weight of generations past, contemplating the lives and contributions of those immortalized in paint, bronze, and photographic form. The very stones seem to absorb and reflect the stories held within, creating an immersive experience that transcends a simple viewing of artwork.

    A Collection as Diverse as America Itself

    The NPG's collection is remarkably comprehensive, spanning centuries and encompassing a wide range of media—from stately oil paintings to intimate sketches, monumental sculptures to candid photographs. Presidential portraits are naturally prominent, offering insights into the personalities and leadership styles of those who have held the nation’s highest office. The gallery continues this tradition by commissioning official portraits of recent presidents, ensuring that the visual record remains current. However, the museum's true strength lies in its commitment to representing the full spectrum of American achievement. Iconic figures like Georgia O'Keeffe, whose bold and evocative paintings redefined modern art, share space with literary giants such as Langston Hughes, whose poetry captured the soul of the Harlem Renaissance. The inclusion of Marie Curie, a scientist who made groundbreaking contributions to US science, and Martin Luther King Jr., a champion of civil rights, underscores the museum’s dedication to showcasing diverse voices and perspectives. A particularly captivating piece is Gilbert Stuart's unfinished Athenaeum Portrait of George Washington, an image so iconic it graced the one-dollar bill for decades—a testament to its enduring power and symbolic resonance. Beyond these celebrated figures, the gallery also shines a light on lesser-known individuals whose contributions have been equally vital to the nation’s progress, creating a richly textured tapestry of American life.

    A Living Legacy: Commissions and Contemporary Voices

    The National Portrait Gallery isn't merely a keeper of the past; it is actively shaping its future. The museum continues to commission new portraits, adding contemporary figures to its collection and ensuring that the visual record remains relevant and dynamic. This ongoing process reflects a commitment to documenting American life in all its complexity and celebrating those who are making their mark on the world today. The planned reopening in September 2025 with an exhibition featuring Amy Sherald—a contemporary artist celebrated for her powerful portraits of African Americans—is a prime example of this forward-thinking approach, promising to engage new audiences and spark important conversations about identity, representation, and the evolving American narrative. The NPG stands as a vital cultural institution, where art, history, and identity converge, offering a compelling glimpse into the ever-evolving story of America. It is a place not just to observe the past, but to contemplate the present and imagine the future—a truly inspiring experience for all who visit.

    Where to read more

    Find this online

    QR code linking to the download page for W. E. B. Du Bois

    originaluniqueart.com/en/art/download/addison-n-scurlock-w-e-b-du-bois-D44V7E-en/

    Cite this artwork

    MLA
    Scurlock, Addison N.. W. E. B. Du Bois. 1911, National Portrait Gallery. https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/addison-n-scurlock-w-e-b-du-bois-D44V7E-en/
    APA
    Scurlock, Addison N. (1911). W. E. B. Du Bois [Painting]. National Portrait Gallery. https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/addison-n-scurlock-w-e-b-du-bois-D44V7E-en/
    Chicago
    Addison N. Scurlock. W. E. B. Du Bois. 1911. National Portrait Gallery. https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/addison-n-scurlock-w-e-b-du-bois-D44V7E-en/
    Harvard
    Scurlock, Addison N. (1911) W. E. B. Du Bois. National Portrait Gallery. Available at: https://originaluniqueart.com/en/art/addison-n-scurlock-w-e-b-du-bois-D44V7E-en/

    Look closely

    W. E. B. Du Bois — Addison N. Scurlock

    Look closely

    Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.

    1. What catches your eye first, and why?
    2. Which colours or shapes create the mood — and what is that mood?
    3. Our catalogue files this work under: african american, du bois, photography. Do you agree? What would you add, or take away?
    4. Look back at Madam C. J. Walker (1914), earlier in this guide. Name two things it shares with this work, and one that is different.
    5. Addison N. Scurlock was about 28 when this was made. What in it looks like the work of an artist at that stage?

    Your response

    Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.

    Art quiz

    W. E. B. Du Bois — Addison N. Scurlock

    How well do you know this artwork?

    Tick one answer for each of the 5 questions below. Each has exactly one correct answer.

    1. 1. What is the primary subject of W. E. B. Du Bois’s portrait?

      • A His academic achievements at Harvard University
      • B His activism and advocacy for civil rights
      • C A depiction of his family life in Great Barrington, Massachusetts
    2. 2. In what year was the photograph of W. E. B. Du Bois taken?

      • A 1903
      • B 1911
      • C 1928
    3. 3. Who is the artist responsible for creating the portrait of W. E. B. Du Bois?

      • A Addison N. Scurlock
      • B James E. Purdy
      • C Moses P. Rice
    4. 4. What was Addison N. Scurlock’s primary focus in his photographic work?

      • A Documenting the lives of African Americans in Washington, D.C.
      • B Photographing landscapes and cityscapes
      • C Creating portraits of wealthy white families
    5. 5. The photograph utilizes which photographic process?

      • A Daguerreotype
      • B Gelatin silver print
      • C Cyanotype

    My score: ____ out of 5

    Answer key — for the teacher

    This starts a fresh printed page, so it can simply be left out of the copies.

    1A · 2B · 3A · 4A · 5B

    Check any answer against the catalogue record for this painting

    Questions & Answers

    Where can I buy a digital image of "W. E. B. Du Bois" by Addison N. Scurlock?

    To get a digital file of "W. E. B. Du Bois" by Addison N. Scurlock, order a high-resolution digital image download on its Digital Image page.

    Is "W. E. B. Du Bois" by Addison N. Scurlock a bright or a dark artwork?

    The perceived brightness of "W. E. B. Du Bois" by Addison N. Scurlock is shadow. It can be matched to the light of the intended space.

    Which museum holds the original "W. E. B. Du Bois"?

    You can see the original "W. E. B. Du Bois" at the National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C., United States of America.